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The following table of abbreviations is after inchem org. A Canadian site and public access data base. Highly recommended | |||||
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Abbreviations
Toxicological Abbreviations |
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AA | activation analysis; atomic absorption | ||||
AAF | acetylaminofluorene | ||||
AAPCC | American Association of Poison Control Centers | ||||
AAS | atomic absorption spectrophotometry | ||||
ABS | acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene | ||||
ACE | angiotensin-converting enzyme | ||||
ACGIH | American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists | ||||
ACh | acetylcholine | ||||
AChE | acetylcholinesterase | ||||
AcP | acid phosphatase | ||||
ACTH | adrenocorticotropic hormone | ||||
AD | Alzheimer's disease | ||||
ADH | alcohol dehydrogenase; anti-diuretic hormone | ||||
ADI | acceptable daily intake | ||||
ADP | adenosine diphosphate | ||||
AEP | auditory evoked potential | ||||
AES | atomic emission spectroscopy | ||||
AFID | alkali flame ionization detection | ||||
Ah | aromatic hydrocarbon | ||||
AHH | aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase | ||||
ai | active ingredient | ||||
AIDS | acquired immune deficiency syndrome | ||||
AIN | acute interstitial nephritis | ||||
ALA | aminolevulinic acid | ||||
ALAD | �-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase | ||||
ALAS | o-aminolevulinic acid synthetase | ||||
ALAT | alanine aminotransferase | ||||
ALC | approximate lethal concentration | ||||
ALD | approximate lethal dose | ||||
ALMS | atomic line molecular spectrometry | ||||
ALT | alanine aminotransferase | ||||
AM | alveolar macrophages | ||||
AMP | amperometric titration | ||||
AMPA | aminomethylphosphonic acid | ||||
ANTU | alpha-naphthylthiourea | ||||
AP | alkaline phosphatase | ||||
APDM | aminopyrine-N-demethylase | ||||
APP | ammonium polyphosphate | ||||
AQG | Air Quality Guidelines | ||||
ARF | acute renal failure | ||||
ARL | acceptable or tolerable residue limit | ||||
ART | alternate reproductive test | ||||
ASAT | aspartate aminotransferase | ||||
ASV | anodic stripping voltametry | ||||
ATA | alimentary toxic aleukia | ||||
ATH | alumina trihydrate | ||||
ATPase | adenosine triphosphatase | ||||
AUC | area under the curve | ||||
AWI | acceptable or tolerable weekly intake | ||||
B | bursa-dependent | ||||
BA | 2-bromoacrolein | ||||
BAER | brainstem auditory-evoked response | ||||
BAF | bioaccumulation factor | ||||
BAL | bronchoalveolar lavage | ||||
BBB | blood-brain barrier | ||||
BBPP | bis(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate | ||||
BCF | bioconcentration factor | ||||
BEA | 2-bromoethylamine | ||||
BEI | biological exposure index | ||||
BEN | Balkan endemic nephropathy | ||||
BGG | bovine gammaglobulin | ||||
BHA | butylated hydroxyanisole | ||||
BHK | baby hamster kidney | ||||
BIC | butyl isocyanate | ||||
BMAA | beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine | ||||
BMD | benchmark dose (US EPA) | ||||
BMF | biomagnification factor | ||||
BOAA | beta-N-oxalylamino-L-alanine | ||||
BOD | biochemical oxygen demand | ||||
BP | benzo[a]pyrene | ||||
BSA | bovine serum albumin | ||||
BSP | bromosulfophthalein | ||||
BUB | 2-(3-butylureido)benzimidazole | ||||
BUN | blood urea nitrogen | ||||
bw | body weight | ||||
C | |||||
CA | chrysanthemic acid | ||||
CALLA | common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia antigen | ||||
cAMP | cyclic adenosine monophosphate | ||||
CAS | Chemical Abstracts Service | ||||
CBF | cerebral blood flow | ||||
CC | critical concentration | ||||
CCFA Codex | Committee on Food Additives (see definition of Codex Alimentarious Commission) | ||||
CCPR | Codex Committee on Pesticide Residues | ||||
CCTTE | Computerized Listing of Chemicals Being Tested for Their Toxicological Effects (IPCS/IRPTC) | ||||
CD | cluster of differentiation; coulometric detection | ||||
cDNA | complementary DNA | ||||
CE | capillary electrophoresis | ||||
CEC | Commission of the European Communities | ||||
CEFIC | European Council of Chemical Industry Federations | ||||
CFC | chlorofluorocarbon | ||||
cGMP | cyclic guanosine monophosphate | ||||
ChE | cholinesterase | ||||
CHO | Chinese hamster ovary | ||||
Ci | curie(s) | ||||
CI | confidence interval | ||||
CIN | chronic interstitial nephritis | ||||
CKSCC | cystic keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma | ||||
Cl_2 | CA 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid | ||||
CLD | chemiluminescence nitrogen detector | ||||
CLM | chemiluminescence method | ||||
CLV | ceiling value | ||||
Cl-Vacid | (= CPIA) 2-(4-chlorophenyl)isovaleric acid | ||||
CMI | cell-mediated immunity | ||||
CML | cell-mediated lympholysis | ||||
CNS | central nervous system | ||||
COD | chemical oxygen demand | ||||
CO-Hb | carboxyhaemoglobin | ||||
COPD | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | ||||
COT | Committee on Toxicity (United Kingdom) | ||||
cP | centipoise(s) | ||||
CP | coproporphyrins | ||||
CPA | cyclopropane carboxylic acid | ||||
CPK | creatine phosphokinase | ||||
CRMs | certified reference materials | ||||
CSF | cerebrospinal fluid | ||||
CSM | Committee on Safety of Medicines (United Kingdom) | ||||
CT | computerized tomography | ||||
cv | coefficient of variation | ||||
2,4-D | 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid | ||||
DAB | 4-dimethylaminobenzene | ||||
DABA | L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid | ||||
DBCP | 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane | ||||
DBP |
di-n-butyl phthalate; 2,3-dibromopropanol |
||||
DBT | dibutyltin | ||||
DCB | dichlorobenzene | ||||
DCVC | S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine | ||||
DDC | diethyldithiocarbamate | ||||
DDT | dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane | ||||
DEHP | diethylhexyl phthalate | ||||
DEN | diethylnitrosamine | ||||
DES | diethylstilbestrol | ||||
DFB | diflubenzuron | ||||
DFP | diisopropylfluorophosphate (a delayed neurotoxic) | ||||
DHPN | N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl) nitrosamine | ||||
DiBP | di-iso-butyl phthalate | ||||
DIDT | 5,6-dihydro-3H-imidazo (2,1-C)-1,2,4-dithiazole-3-thione | ||||
DIT | diiodotyrosine | ||||
DL | detection limit | ||||
DMA | dimethylamine | ||||
DMBA | dimethylbenzathraline | ||||
DMF | dimethylformamide | ||||
DMP | dimethylphenol | ||||
DMSO | dimethyl sulfoxide | ||||
DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid | ||||
DNCB | dinitrochlorobenzene | ||||
DNPH | 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine | ||||
DOC | dissolved organic carbon | ||||
DPASV | differential pulse anodic stripping voltametry | ||||
DPTA | degradation time for 50% of a compound | ||||
DTPA | diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid | ||||
E | |||||
EBDC | ethylene bisdithiocarbamate | ||||
EBK | ethyl n-butyl ketone | ||||
EC | effective concentration; electron capture; emulsifiable concentrate | ||||
EC_50 | median effective concentration | ||||
ECD | electron capture detection | ||||
ECETOC | European Chemical Industry Ecology and Toxicology Centre | ||||
ECG | electrocardiogram | ||||
ECMO | extracorporeal membrane oxidation | ||||
ECOD | 7-ethoxycoumarin-o-deethylase | ||||
EDA | ethylenediamine; exploratory data analysis | ||||
EDB | 1,2-dibromoethane (ethylene dibromide) | ||||
EDCF | endothelial-derived contracting factor | ||||
EDI | ethylene diisothiocyanate | ||||
EDL | electrode discharge lamp | ||||
EDTA | ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid | ||||
2-EE | 2-ethoxyethanol | ||||
2-EEA | 2-ethoxyethyl acetate | ||||
EEC | European Economic Community; electroencephalograph | ||||
EEG | electroencephalogram | ||||
EGF | epidermal growth factor | ||||
EH | epoxide hydratase | ||||
EHC | Environmental Health Criteria | ||||
EI | electron impact | ||||
EIFAC | European Inland Fisheries Advisory Commission of FAO | ||||
ELISA | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay | ||||
EMDI | estimated maximum daily intake | ||||
EMG | electromyography | ||||
EMTD | estimated maximum tolerated dose | ||||
ENG | electroneurography | ||||
ENL | erythema nodosum leprosum | ||||
ENU | ethylnitrosourea | ||||
EP | electrophoresis | ||||
EPA | Environmental Protection Agency (USA) | ||||
EPDM | ethylene propylene rubber | ||||
EPI | exposure/potency index | ||||
EPS | expandable polystyrene | ||||
EQC | external quality control | ||||
EQT | environmental quality target | ||||
ERL | extraneous residue limit | ||||
EROD | 7-ethoxyresurofin-o-deethylase | ||||
ESCA | electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis | ||||
ESR | erythrocyte sedimentation rate | ||||
ESRD | end-stage renal disease | ||||
ETA | electrothermal atomization | ||||
ETD | ethylene bisthiuram disulfide | ||||
ETG | epidermal transglutaminase | ||||
ETU | ethylenethiourea | ||||
ETV | electrothermal vaporization | ||||
EU | ethyleneurea | ||||
F | |||||
F_0 | parental generation | ||||
F_1 | filial generation, first | ||||
F_2 | filial generation, second | ||||
FAA | flameless atomic absorption | ||||
FACS | fluorescence activated cell sorter | ||||
FAD | flavin adenine dinucleotide | ||||
FCAT | Freund's complete adjuvant test | ||||
f.c. | Field capacity | ||||
FD | fluorescence detection | ||||
FDA | Food and Drug Administration (USA) | ||||
FEF | forced expiratory flow | ||||
FEP | free erythrocyte porphyrin | ||||
FEV | forced expiratory volume | ||||
fg | femtogram (10^-15 g) | ||||
FI | flame ionization | ||||
FID | flame ionization detector | ||||
FMLP | formyl methionyl leucyl phenylalanine | ||||
FMN | flavin mononucleotide | ||||
FOB | functional observational battery | ||||
FPD | flame photometric detector | ||||
FR | flame retardant | ||||
FS | fluorescence spectrophotometry | ||||
FSC | Food Safety Council (USA) | ||||
FSD | flame photometric detector selective for sulfur | ||||
FSH | follicle-stimulating hormone | ||||
FTIR | Fourier transform infrared | ||||
FVC | forced vital capacity | ||||
G | |||||
GA | gibberillic acid | ||||
GABA | gamma-aminobutyric acid | ||||
GAG | glycosaminoglycan | ||||
GALT | gut-associated lymphoid tissue | ||||
GAP | good agricultural practice | ||||
GBM | glomerular basement membrane | ||||
GC | gas chromatography | ||||
GC-ECD | gas chromatography with electron capture detector | ||||
GDH | glutamate dehydrogenase | ||||
GDMS | glow discharge mass spectrometry | ||||
GEMS | Global Environmental Monitoring System | ||||
GESAMP | Group of Experts for the Scientific Aspects of Marine Pollution | ||||
GFAAS | graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry | ||||
GFR | glomerular filtration rate | ||||
GGT | gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase | ||||
GH | growth hormone | ||||
GI | gastrointestinal | ||||
GIFAP | International Group of National Association of
Manufacturers of Agrochemical Products (French Acronym for: Groupement International des Associations Nationales de Fabricants de Produits Agrochimiques) |
||||
GLC | gas-liquid chromatography | ||||
GLDH | glutamate dehydrogenase | ||||
GLP | good laboratory practice | ||||
cGMP | cyclic guanosine monophosphate | ||||
GOT | glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase | ||||
GPC | gel permeation chromatography | ||||
GPMT | guinea-pig maximization test | ||||
GPT | glutamic-pyruvic transaminase | ||||
GS | glutamine synthetase | ||||
GSH | glutathione-SH | ||||
GST | glutathione-S-transferase | ||||
GTB | glomerular tubular balance | ||||
GV | guidance value | ||||
GWP | global-warming potential | ||||
H | |||||
h | hour(s) | ||||
ha | hectare | ||||
Hb | haemoglobin | ||||
HBCD | hexabromocyclododecane | ||||
HBDH | hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase | ||||
H & E | haematoxolin and eosin | ||||
HCB | hexachlorobenzene | ||||
HCBD | hexachloro-1,3-butadiene | ||||
HCFC | hydrochlorofluorocarbon | ||||
HCFH-22 | chlorodifluoromethane (CHClF_2 ) | ||||
HCG | human chorionic gonadotropin | ||||
HCH | hexachlorocyclohexane | ||||
HDL | high density lipoprotein | ||||
HDPE | high density polyethylene | ||||
HEAL | Human Exposure Assessment Location | ||||
HECD | Hall electron capture detector | ||||
HEV | high endothelial venule | ||||
HEX | hexachlorocyclopentadiene | ||||
HGPRT | hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase | ||||
HIPS | high impact polystyrene | ||||
HIV | human immunodeficiency virus | ||||
HLB | hydrophilic-lipophilic balance | ||||
HLV | hygienic limit value | ||||
hnRNA | heterogeneous nuclear RNA | ||||
HPCA | human progenitor cell antigen | ||||
HPI | cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboximide | ||||
HPLC | high-performance liquid chromatography | ||||
HPTLC | high-performance thin-layer chromatography | ||||
HQ | hydroquinone | ||||
HS | headspace | ||||
HSA | heat-stable antigen; human serum albumin | ||||
HSG | Health and Safety Guide | ||||
I | |||||
IARC | International Agency for Research on Cancer | ||||
IC | ion chromatography | ||||
ICAM | intercellular adhesion molecule | ||||
IC_50 | median inhibitory concentration | ||||
ICD | International Classification of Diseases | ||||
ICG | indocyanine green | ||||
ICP | inductively coupled plasma | ||||
ICST | isolated cold stress testing | ||||
i.d. | internal diameter | ||||
IDMS | isotope dilution mass spectrometry | ||||
IFN | interferon | ||||
Ig | immunoglobulin | ||||
IL | interleukin | ||||
ILO | International Labour Organisation | ||||
ILSI | International Life Science Institute | ||||
im | intramuscular | ||||
ip | intraperitoneal | ||||
IPA | isopropylamine | ||||
IPCS | International Programme on Chemical Safety | ||||
IQ | intelligence quotient | ||||
IQC | internal quality control | ||||
IR | infrared | ||||
IRPTC | International Register of Potentially Toxic Chemicals | ||||
ISO | International Organization for Standardization | ||||
IT | isomeric transition | ||||
IU | international unit | ||||
IUPAC | International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry | ||||
iv | intravenous | ||||
J | |||||
JECFA | Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives | ||||
JMPR | Joint FAO/WHO Meeting on Pesticide Residues | ||||
K | |||||
kcal | kilocalorie(s) | ||||
keV | kiloelectronvolt(s) | ||||
K_ow | octanol/water partition coefficient | ||||
L | |||||
LAP | leucine aminopeptidase | ||||
LAQL | lowest analytically quantifiable level | ||||
LC | liquid chromatography | ||||
LC_50 | median lethal concentration | ||||
LD_01 | lethal dose for 1% | ||||
LD_50 | median lethal dose | ||||
LDH | lactate dehydrogenase | ||||
LDL | low density lipoprotein | ||||
LDPE | low density polyethylene | ||||
LDQ | lowest detectable quantity | ||||
LEI | lifetime exposure intensity | ||||
LEV | local exhaust ventilation | ||||
Lf | limit flocculation | ||||
LFA | lymphocyte function-related antigen | ||||
LFP | lavage fluid protein | ||||
LH | luteinizing hormone | ||||
LI | labelling index | ||||
LIF | laser-induced fluorescence; leukaemia inhibitory factor | ||||
LLD | lowest lethal dose | ||||
LMS | linear multistage model | ||||
LMW | low molecular weight | ||||
LOAEL | lowest-observed-adverse-effect level | ||||
LOD | limit of determination | ||||
LOEL | lowest-observed-effect level | ||||
LRNI | lower reference nutrient intake (UK) | ||||
LSC | liquid scintillation counter | ||||
LT_50 | median lethal time | ||||
LTP | long-term potentiation | ||||
M | |||||
MAA | methoxyacetic acid | ||||
MAC | maximum allowable concentration | ||||
MAD | maximum allowable deviation | ||||
MAFF | Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (Japan) | ||||
MAK | maximum workplace concentration (Maximale Arbeitsplatzkonzentration) | ||||
MALT | mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue | ||||
MAM | methylazoxymethanol | ||||
MAP | mutagenic activity profile | ||||
MAOI | monoamine oxidase inhibitor | ||||
MARC | Monitoring and Assessment Research Centre (UK) | ||||
MARE | monoclonal anti-rat immunoglobulin E | ||||
MAS | molecular absorption spectrometry | ||||
MAT | mean absorption time | ||||
MATC | maximum acceptable toxicant concentration | ||||
MBC | minimum bactericidal concentration | ||||
MBDE | mass balance differential equation | ||||
MBK | methyl n-butyl ketone | ||||
MBP | monobutyl phthalate | ||||
MBT | monobutyltin | ||||
MC | methyl chloroform | ||||
3-MC | 3-methylcholanthrene | ||||
MCD | microcoulometric detection | ||||
MCH | mean cell haemoglobin | ||||
MCHC | mean cell haemoglobin concentration | ||||
mCi | millicurie | ||||
MCL | melanotic cell lines | ||||
MCPA | 4-chloro-o-tolyoxyacetic acid | ||||
MCV | mean cell volume | ||||
MDA | malondialdehyde | ||||
MDI | methylene-diphenyl diisocyanate | ||||
MDMA | methylenedioxymethamphetamine | ||||
2-ME | 2-methoxyethanol | ||||
2-MEA | 2-methoxyethyl acetate | ||||
MeB_12 | methylcobalamin | ||||
MED | minimum effective dose; minimal erythemal dose | ||||
MEHP | monoethylhexyl phthalate | ||||
MEK | methyl ethyl ketone | ||||
mEq | milliequivalent | ||||
MeV | megaelectronvolt(s) | ||||
MFO | mixed-function oxidase | ||||
MHC | major histocompatibility complex | ||||
MHW | Ministry of Health and Welfare (Japan) | ||||
MIBK | methyl isobutyl ketone | ||||
MIC | minimal inhibitory concentration | ||||
MIT | methylisothiocyanate; monoiodotyrosine | ||||
MLD | minimum lethal dose | ||||
MLR | mixed lymphocyte response assay | ||||
MLSS | mixed liquor suspended solids | ||||
MMA | methoxyacetic acid | ||||
MMAD | mass median aerodynamic diameter | ||||
MMH | monomethylhydrazine | ||||
mmHg | millimetre(s) of mercury | ||||
MMMF | man-made mineral fibre | ||||
MNNG | N-methyl-N -nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine | ||||
MNU | N-methyl-N-nitrosurea | ||||
mPa | millipascal (7.5 x 10^-6 mmHg) | ||||
MPC | maximum permissible limit | ||||
MQL | minimum quantifiable limit | ||||
MRBIS | mean running bias index score | ||||
MRL | maximum residue limit | ||||
mRNA | messenger RNA | ||||
MRVIS | Mean Running Variance Index Score | ||||
MS | mass spectrometry | ||||
MSD | mass selective detection | ||||
MSW | municipal solid waste | ||||
MTBE | methyl tertiary butyl ether | ||||
MTC | maximum tolerable or acceptable concentration | ||||
MTD | maximum tolerated dose | ||||
MTE | mild toxic encephalopathy | ||||
MTI | N-(hydroxymethyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthalamide | ||||
NAA | neutron activation analysis | ||||
NAC | N-acetyl cysteine | ||||
NAD | nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide | ||||
NADP | nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate | ||||
NADPH | reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate | ||||
NBU | N-nitrosobutylurea | ||||
NCAM | neural cell adhesion molecule | ||||
NCI | National Cancer Institute (USA); negative ion chemical ionization | ||||
NCV | nerve conduction velocity | ||||
ND | not detectable | ||||
NDDC | sodium diethyldithiocarbamate | ||||
NDMA | nitrosodimethylamine | ||||
NDMC | sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate | ||||
NEQUAS | National External Quality Assessment Scheme (UK) | ||||
NFT | neurofibrillary tangle | ||||
ng | nanogram (10^-9 g) | ||||
NIOSH | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (USA) | ||||
NK | natural killer | ||||
nm | nanometer | ||||
NMCL | nonmelanolic cell lines | ||||
NMN | N-methylnicotinamide | ||||
NMOR | N-nitrosomorpholine | ||||
NMR | nuclear magnetic resonance | ||||
NNM | N-nitrosomorpholine | ||||
NO | nitrogen oxide | ||||
NOAEL | no-observed-adverse-effect level | ||||
NOEC | no-observed-effect concentration | ||||
NOEL | no-observed-effect level | ||||
NOLC | no-observed lethal concentration | ||||
NPD | nitrogen-phosphorus sensitive detector | ||||
NPSH | non-protein sulfhydryl | ||||
NSAID | non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | ||||
NSD | nitrogen selective detector | ||||
NTA | nitrilotriacetic acid | ||||
NTE | neuropathy target esterase | ||||
NTEL | no-toxic-effect level | ||||
NTP | National Toxicology Program (USA) | ||||
O | |||||
OCT | ornithine carbamoyltransferase | ||||
ODC | ornithine decarboxylase | ||||
ODP | ozone-depletion potential | ||||
OECD | Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development | ||||
OEL | occupational exposure limit | ||||
OER | oxygen enhancement ratio | ||||
OES | occupational exposure standard; optical emission spectrometry | ||||
OET | open epicutaneous test | ||||
OP | organophosphate | ||||
OPIDN | organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy | ||||
OR | odds ratio | ||||
OSC | oil-enhanced suspension concentrate | ||||
OSHA | Occupational Safety and Health Administration (USA) | ||||
OVA | ovalbumin | ||||
OZT | oxazolidinethione | ||||
P | |||||
PA | polyamides | ||||
PAA | photon activation analysis | ||||
2-PAM | chloride pralidoxine (2-pyridine aldoxime methyl) chloride | ||||
PAH | p-aminohippurate; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon | ||||
PALS | periarteriolar lymphocyte sheath | ||||
PAN | peroxyacetyl nitrate; polyacrylonitrile | ||||
PAS | periodic acid Schiff stain | ||||
PB | phenobarbital | ||||
PBA | phenoxybenzoic acid | ||||
PBalc | 3-phenoxybenzyl alcohol | ||||
PBald | 3-phenoxybenzaldehyde | ||||
PBB | polybrominated biphenyl | ||||
PBDD | polybrominated dibenzodioxin | ||||
PBDE | polybrominated diphenyl ether | ||||
PBDF | polybrominated dibenzofuran | ||||
PBI | protein-bound iodine | ||||
PBPK | physiologically based pharmacokinetics | ||||
PBT | polybutylene terephthalate | ||||
PCBD | S-(1,2,3,4,4-pentachloro-1,3-butadienyl) | ||||
PCDD | polychlorinated dibenzodioxin | ||||
PCDF | polychlorinated dibenzofuran | ||||
PCA | para-chloroaniline (4-chloroaniline); passive cutaneous anaphylaxis | ||||
PCB | polychlorinated biphenyl | ||||
PCBD | S-(1,2,3,4,4-pentachloro-1,3-butadienyl) | ||||
PCDD | polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin | ||||
PCDF | polychlorinated dibenzofuran | ||||
PCDPE | polychlorinated diphenylether | ||||
PCE | polychromatic erythrocytes | ||||
PCOM | phase contrast optical microscopy | ||||
PCPY | polychlorinated pyrene | ||||
PCQ | polychlorinated quaterphenyl | ||||
PCT | porphyria cutanea tarda | ||||
PCV | packed-cell volume | ||||
PD | plasma desorption | ||||
PDG | phosphate-dependent glutaminase | ||||
PE | polyethylene | ||||
PEF | peak expiratory flow | ||||
PEG | pneumoencephalography | ||||
PEL | permissible exposure limit | ||||
PET | polyethylene terephthalate | ||||
PFC | plaque-forming cell | ||||
pg | picogram (10^-12 g) | ||||
PG | prostaglandin | ||||
pH | the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration | ||||
PHF | paired helical filaments | ||||
PHS | prostaglandin-H-synthetase | ||||
PIB | piperonyl butoxide | ||||
PIC | picrotoxin | ||||
PID | photo-ionization detection | ||||
PIXE | proton-induced X-ray emission | ||||
pKa | the negative logarithm of the dissociation constant | ||||
PMBA | p-methylbenzyl alcohol | ||||
PMN | polymorphonuclear leukocyte | ||||
PMTDI | provisional maximum tolerable daily intake | ||||
PMR | proportional mortality rate | ||||
PMSG | pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin | ||||
PNS | peripheral nervous system | ||||
pO2 | plasma partial pressure (concentration) of oxygen | ||||
POCP | photochemical ozone-creation potential | ||||
PoG | proteoglycan | ||||
POS | psycho-organic syndrome | ||||
PP | polypropylene | ||||
ppb | parts per billion | ||||
ppm | parts per million | ||||
ppt | parts per trillion | ||||
PSD | passive sampling device | ||||
PSPS | Pesticides Safety Precautions Scheme (United Kingdom) | ||||
PT | prothrombin time | ||||
PTH | parathyroid hormone | ||||
PTT | partial thromboplastin time | ||||
PTU | propylenethiourea | ||||
PTWI | provisional tolerable weekly intake | ||||
PTZ | pentylenetetrazole | ||||
PVC | polyvinyl chloride | ||||
PYR | pyrene | ||||
Q | |||||
QA | quality assurance | ||||
QAP | quality assurance programme | ||||
QC | quality control | ||||
QSAR | quantitative structure-activity relationship | ||||
R | |||||
RACB | reproductive assessment by continuous breeding | ||||
RAST | radioallergosorbent test | ||||
RBC | red blood cell | ||||
RBP | retinal binding protein | ||||
RDA | recommended dietary allowance (USA) | ||||
REL | recommended exposure limit | ||||
RER | rough endoplasmic reticulum | ||||
RIA | radio-immuno assay | ||||
RIPT | repeat insult patch test | ||||
RMA | reflex modification audiometry | ||||
RNA | ribonucleic acid | ||||
RNI | reference nutrient intake (UK) | ||||
ROC | reactive organic carbon | ||||
RPN | renal papillary necrosis | ||||
RR | relative risk | ||||
RTECS | Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances | ||||
RUBISCO | ribulose 1,5-biphosphate carboxylase | ||||
S | |||||
S9 | 9000 x g supernatant | ||||
SAM | S-adenosylmethionine | ||||
SAP | serum alkaline phosphatase | ||||
SAR | structure-activity relationship | ||||
sc | subcutaneous | ||||
SC | suspension concentrate | ||||
SCE | sister chromatid exchange | ||||
SCF | stem-cell factor | ||||
SCID | severe combined immunodeficiency | ||||
SCOPE | Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment of the International Council of Scientific Unions | ||||
SD | standard deviation | ||||
SDAT | senile dementia of Alzheimer type | ||||
SE | standard error | ||||
SEM | standard error of the mean; scanning electron microscopy | ||||
SER | smooth endoplasmic reticulum | ||||
SFC | supercritical fluid chromatography | ||||
SFS | subjective facial sensation | ||||
SGOMSEC | Scientific Group on Methodologies for the Safety Evaluation of Chemicals | ||||
SGOT | serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase | ||||
SGPT | serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase | ||||
SHE | Syrian Hamster embryo | ||||
SIM | selected ion monitoring | ||||
SIMS | secondary ion mass spectrometry | ||||
SLE | systemic lupus erythematosus | ||||
SMA | sequential multiple analyser | ||||
SMR | standardized mortality ratio | ||||
SOP | standard operating procedure | ||||
SPF | specific pathogen free | ||||
SPM | suspended particulate matter | ||||
S-PMA | S-phenyl-mercapturic acid | ||||
SRT | simple reaction time | ||||
SSB | single strand breaks | ||||
STEL | short-term exposure limit | ||||
T | |||||
t_3 | triiodothyronine | ||||
t_4 | thyroxine | ||||
2,4,5-T | 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid | ||||
TADI | temporary acceptable daily intake | ||||
TAN | tropical ataxic neuropathy | ||||
TAP | trialkyl/aryl phosphate | ||||
TBBPA | tetrabromobisphenol A | ||||
TBG | thyroxine-binding globulin | ||||
TBP | tributyl phosphate | ||||
TBPP | tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate | ||||
TBT | tributyltin | ||||
TBTO | tributyltin oxide | ||||
TCA | tricarboxylic acid cycle | ||||
TCD | thermal conductivity detection | ||||
TCDD | 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin | ||||
TCDF | 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorinated dibenzofuran | ||||
TCE | 1,1,1-trichloroethylene | ||||
TCP | trichlorophenol; tricresyl phosphate | ||||
TCPP | tris(1-chloro-2-propyl)phosphate | ||||
TCR | T-cell receptor | ||||
TDC | thermal conductivity detection | ||||
TDI | tolerable daily intake; toluene diisocyanate | ||||
TDLAS | tuneable diode laser absorption spectrometry | ||||
TEA | tetraethyl ammonium; thermal energy analyser | ||||
TEAC | tetraethylammonium chloride | ||||
TEAM | total exposure assessment methodology | ||||
TEF | toxicity equivalency factor | ||||
TEPP | tetraethyl-pyrophosphate | ||||
TGA | thermogravimetric analysis | ||||
TH | thyroid hormone | ||||
THF | tetrahydrofolate | ||||
TI | tolerable intake | ||||
TLC | thin-layer chromatography | ||||
TLV | threshold limit value | ||||
TMCP | tri-meta-cresyl phosphate | ||||
TMDI | theoretical maximum daily intake | ||||
TML | tetramethyllead | ||||
TMRL | temporary maximum residue limit | ||||
TMT | trimethyltin | ||||
TNF | tumour necrosis factor | ||||
TOCP | tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate | ||||
TOD | total oxygen demand | ||||
TPA | 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate | ||||
TPCP | tri-para-cresyl phosphate | ||||
TPI | 3,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthalimide | ||||
TPIA | 3,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthalic acid | ||||
TPN | total parenteral nutrition | ||||
TPO | thyroid peroxidase | ||||
TPP | triphenyl phosphate | ||||
TPTA | triphenyltin acetate | ||||
TPTH | triphenyltin hydroxide | ||||
tRNA | transfer ribonucleic acid | ||||
TRP | tubular reabsorption of phosphate | ||||
TSH | thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropin) | ||||
TSP | total suspended particulate | ||||
TST | temperature sensitivity | ||||
TT | toxicity threshold | ||||
TWA | time-weighted average | ||||
U | |||||
UCM | urographic contrast medium | ||||
UCL | upper confidence limit | ||||
UDP | uridine diphosphate | ||||
UDPGA | UDP-glucuronic acid | ||||
UDPGT | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase | ||||
UDS | unscheduled DNA synthesis | ||||
UF | uncertainty factor | ||||
ULV | ultra-low volume | ||||
UNEP | United Nations Environment Programme | ||||
UNICEF | United Nations Children's Fund | ||||
US ATSDR | US Agency for Toxic Substance and Disease Registry | ||||
UV | ultraviolet | ||||
UVB | ultraviolet B | ||||
V | |||||
VC | vinyl chloride | ||||
VCAM | vascular cell adhesion molecule | ||||
VER | visual evoked response | ||||
VHH | volatile halogenated hydrocarbon | ||||
VLA | very late antigen | ||||
VLDL | very low-density lipoproteins | ||||
VOC | volatile organic carbon compound | ||||
VSD | virtually safe dose | ||||
VTR | vibration threshold | ||||
v/v | volume per volume | ||||
W | |||||
WAIS | Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale | ||||
WBC | white blood cell | ||||
WG | water-dispersible granule | ||||
WHO | World Health Organization | ||||
WISN | warfarin-induced skin necrosis | ||||
WP | wettable powder | ||||
w/v | weight per volume | ||||
X | |||||
XRF | X-ray-generated atomic fluorescence | ||||
XRFS | X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy | ||||
ZPP | zinc protoporphyrin | ||||
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