Cert_Mod_7.

Certificate in Western Herbology Module 7.
This is to certify that;

Module 7. Valence Electrons and Bonding- The Electronic Theory of Valence – The Noble Gases – Double Covalent Bonds -Polar and Non polar Covalent Bonds – The Hydrogen Bond – Valence and OrganicChemistry – The Elements of Life – Symbols and Formulae – Molecular Formulae -Isomers – Structural Formulae – Organic Chemistry and Carbon Compounds – OrganicChemistry and Vitalism – Characteristics of Carbon Compounds – Carbon and CarbonCompounds – Carbon Bonds – The Classification of Carbon Compounds – Alicycliccompounds – Aromatic compounds – Saturated compounds – Functional Groups -Compounds with 2 Oxygen bonds – Compounds with 3 Oxygen bonds – Nitrogencontaining Compounds – Sulphur containing Compounds – Simple Chemical Reactions- Addition Reactions – Combination Reactions. Decomposition Reaction – SingleReplacement Reaction – Double Replacement Reactions – Stereo Chemistry-Structural Representation – Molecules and Mirrors – Enantiomers – The ‘R’ and‘S’ Convention – Optical Activity – Polarized Light – The Polarimeter – TheRacemate – Chirality and Biological Systems – Chirality and Synthetic Drugs -Lethal Racemates – The Herb as Manufacturing Chemist – Acids, Bases -& Salts- Acids – Bases and Alkalis – Buffer Action – Acidity and Alkalinity – The pHScale – Chemical Analysis – Quantitative Chemistry – The Mole and AvogadroConstant – Molar Solutions – Density – Relative Density – Temperature and SG -Percentage Solutions – Percentage Formulae – Percentage Composition -Proportions and Ratios – Decimal Numbers and Fractions – Reading the DecimalNumbers – Multiplying and Dividing Decimal Numbers – Changing Percentages toDecimal Fractions – Changing Decimal Fractions to Percentages – ChangingPercentages to Common Fractions – Changing Percentages to Ratios – ChangingRatio to Percent.