Lemon Oil (B.P.).
Oil. Limon.; Aetheroleum Citri; Oleum Citri; Zitronenol; Esencia de cidra.
Foreign Pharmacopeias: In all pharmacopoeias examined except
Chin. And Swed.
A pale yellow or
greenish-yellow oil with a characteristic odour and a warm, slightly
bitter taste, obtained by expression from fresh lemon peel. It contains
not less than 4 % w/w of aldehydes calculated as citral. Wt per ml. 0-850
to 0-856 g. Soluble 1 in 12 of alcohol (90 %), the solution
having a slight opalescence; miscible with dehydrated alcohol, carbon
disulphide, and glacial acetic acid.
Uses. Lemon oil is carminative, but it is
chiefly used as a flavoring agent. For culinary purposes an alcoholic
solution (1 in 10) is sometimes sold as 'essence of lemon', but this
solution should be supplied as 'prepared essence of lemon'.
Dried Lemon Peel (B.P.),
Limon. Cort. Sicc. And
Fresh Lemon Peel (B.P.), Limon. Cort. Rec.; Citrii Cortex; Citri Flavedo;
Limonis Flavedo; Pericarpium Citri.
The dried or fresh outer part of the pericarp of the ripe or nearly ripe
fruit of Citrus limon (=C.
Limonia and C. medica) (Rutaceae).
The dried peel caontains not less than 2-5 % v/w of volatile oil.
Foreign Pharmacopeias: In Chin., Egyp., Jug., and Swed.
Chil., Ind., Swiss, and
U.S. have fresh peel only.
Uses. Lemon peel is used principally as a flavouring agent and as a
bitter.
Succus Limonis (B.P.C.
1949). Lemon Juice; Succes Citri. The expressed juice of the ripe fruit of
Citrus limon, either fresh or preserved with
SO2. It may be concentrated
in vacuo without appreciable loss of ascorbic
acid.
Syr. Succ. Limon. (B.P.C.1934).
Syrup of Lemon Juice.Lemon peel 20 g. is macerated in alcohol (90 %) 30
ml. For 7 days, pressed, and filtered. The filtrate is diluted to 40 ml.
with alcohol (90 %) and added to sucrose 760 g. dissolved in fresh
clarified lemon juice 500 ml. Dose: 2 to 4 ml. (30 to 60 minims).
Tinc. Limon. Conc. (B.P.C.
1949). Concentrated Tincture of Lemon. Prepared by macerating fresh lemon
peel 1 in 1 of alcohol (90 %). It is approximately twice the strength of
Tincture of Lemon. B.P.
Add.
Dose: 0-5 to 1 ml. (8 to
15 minims).
Tincture of Lemon (B.P.Add.).
Prepared by macerating fresh lemon peel 1 in 2 of alcohol (60 %).
U.S.P. is the same strength but is prepared
with alcohol (95 %). Protect from light n a cool place. Dose: 1 to 2 ml.
(15 to 30 minims).
Matricaria
(B.P.C.
1949). German Chamomile; Chamomilla; Flos Camomillae; Manzanilla ordinaria.
Dose: 8 to 116 g (1/4 to � oz.).
Foreign Pharmacopeias: In Belg., Chil., Cz., Dan., Egyp., Fr., Hung., Jap., Jug.,
Nor., Pol., Span., Sweed., and
Swiss. Also in
Ind. P.C.
The dried flowerheads of
Matricaria chamomilla (Compositae), containing not less than
0-4 % v/w of volatile oil. They have a hollow conical receptacle and no
paleae, while the receptacles of chamomile,
Anthemis nobilis, are solid and covered with concave,
blunt, narrow bracts.
Powdered Matricaria (B.P.C. 1949) contains not less than 0-2 % v/w of volatile oil.
Protect from light in a cool dry place.
Uses. It is used for the same purposes as
chamomile. Matricaria Oil (in Hung. P.
and Swiss P.) Is inferior in odour to chamomile oil
Melaleuca Oil (B.P.C.
1949). Ol. Melal.; Tea Tree Oil; Ti-tree Oil.
A colourless or pale yellow oil with a pleasant characteristic odour and a
terebinthinate taste, obtained by distillation from leaves of the
Australian tea tree,
Melaleuca alternifolia (Myrtaceae).
It contains about 50 to 60 % w/w of terpenes, cineole (up to 10 %), and
terpineol to which the odour is largely due. Wt. Per ml. 0-089 to 0-900 g.
Soluble 1 in 3 of alcohol (90 %).
Uses. It has been used as an antiseptic fro
general surgical purposes. It is a constituent of many proprietary
disinfectants, especially those prepared with chlorinated phenols.
Melissa. Balm; Balm Gentle;
Balm-mint; Honey Plant; Lemon Balm.
The leaves or leaves and tops of Melissa officinalis (Labiatae) a fragrant lemon-scented herb, containing a
small amount (abot 0-1 %) of volatile oil.
Foreign Pharmacopeias: In Belg., Cz., Fr., Ger., Jug., Nor., Pol., Span.,
and Swiss.
Uses. Melissa has carminative and diaphoretic
properties. It is an ingredient of a number of aromatic spirits and
aromatic waters included in several European pharmacopoeias. A compound
aromatic spirit (eau de Melisse des Carmes; Karmelitergeist; Agua
carmelitaria), distilled from a mxture of fresh melissa herb, lemon pel,
cinnamon, nutmeg, coriander, and other aromatics; has long been used on
the Continent as a digestive stimulant and as a fragrant stimulating
application to the skin.
Alcoolat de Melisse Compose` (Fr. P.).
Fresh flowering melissa 90 g., fresh lemon peel 15 g., cinnamon 8 g.,
clove 8 g., nutmeg 8 g., coriander 4 g. angelica root 4 g., and alcohol
(80 %) 500 g., macerated for 4 days and distilled to produce 425 g. A
similar preparation is included in several foreign pharmacopoeias.
Melissa Oil. Balm Oil; Lemon Balm Oil; Etheroleum
Melissae (Jug. P.). A yellow oil with an odour and taste
resembling lemon, obtained by distillation from
M. officinalis. It contains citral. Wt per ml. abot 0-91
g. It has been used as a diaphoretic; dose:
0-06 to 0-2 ml. (1 to 3 minims).
Neroli Oil (B.P.C.
1949). Ol. Nerol., Orange-flower Oil; Pomeranzenblutenol; Esencia de
azahar.
Foreign Pharmacopeias: In Belg., Chil., Egyp., Mex., Swed., and Swiss.
A pale yellow, slightly
flourescent oil, darkening on exposure to air and light, with an intense
characteristic odour and bitter taste, obtained by distillation from the
flowers of the bitter-orange tree, Citrus Aurantium (Rutaceae). It contains the methyl ester of anthranilic
acid to which the odour is said to be due. It may become turbid or solid
at low temperatures. Wt. Per ml. 0-865 to 0-880 g. Soluble 1 in 2 of
alcohol (80 %), the solution becoming turbid on the addition of more of
the alcohol.
Uses. Neroli oil is used as a flavouring agent
and in perfumery.
Aq. Aurant. Flor. Conc. (B.P.C.
1949). Concentrated Orange-flower Water. Neroli oil 0-62 ml., alcohol (90
%) 60 ml., water to 100 ml.; shaken with talc and filtered.
Triple Orange-flower Water and orange-flower water may be prepared
by diluting the concentrated water with 12 times and 39 times its volume
of water respectively.
Orange Flower Syrup (U.S.N.F.).
Orange-flower water 22-5 ml., sucrose 85 g., water to 100 ml.
Orange Flower Water (Ind. P., U.S.N.F.). A saturated solution prepared by distilling the fresh
flowers of C. aurantium with water and removing the excess
volatile oil from the clear aqueous portion of the distillate.
Syr. Aurant. Flor. (B.P.C. 1949). Syrup of Orange Flower.
Concentrated orange-flower water 1-5 % v/v in syrup.
Dose: 2 to 4 mo. (30 to 60 minims).
Niaouli Oil. Essence de Niaouli.
Dose: 0-1 to 0-5 ml. (1 � to 8 minims).
Foreign Pharmacopeias: In Belg., Fr., Span., and
Swiss. Fr. Also includes
a purified form, Essence de Niaouli Purifiee.
A colourless or yellowish oil with a characteristic cineole-like odour and
a bitter aromatic taste, obtained by distillation from the fresh leaves of
Malaleuca viridiflora
(Myrtaceae).It contains
about 60 % v/v of cineole. Soluble 1
in 4 of alcohol (70 %) and 1 in 1 of alcohol (80 %).
Uses. It has the typical properties of
essential oils. It is used as a general antiseptic and has been given in
rhinitis, laryngitis, and various diseases of the respiratory tract.
Reproduced from
Martindales's Extra Pharmacopeia 24th Edition
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