Essential Oils ~ C2

Kamillosan (Camden). Ointment containing chamomile liquid extract 10 %, and hexylresorcinol 0-4 %, for treatment of cracked nipples. Liquid containing chamomile liquid extract 8-75 %, chamomile oil 0-05 %, hexyresorcinol 0-03 % and alcohol 35 %, for use as a gargle or as a skin antiseptic. Kamillettes (Mouthwash Tablets) contain chamomile oil 0-3 %, hexylresorcinol 0-1 %, thymol 0-08 %, and sodium benzoate 3-2 %. Kamillocreme contains hexylresorcinol 0-4 %, and chamomile oil 0-4 % in hydrous ointment. Analgesic and antiseptic skin cream.
Cinnamon (B.P.). Cinnam.; Cinnamon Bark; Ceylon Cinnamon (U.S.N.F.); Ceylonzimt; Cannelle de Ceylan; Canela.     
Dose: 0-3 to 1-3 g. (5 to 20 grains).
The dried inner bark of the shoots of coppiced trees of Ceylon cinnamon, Cinnamomum zeylanicum (Lauraceae). It contains not less than 1 % v/w of volatile oil Powdered Cinnamon (B.P.) Contains not less than 0-7 % v/w of  volatile oil. Store in a cool dry place; the powdered drug should be kept in containers which prevent loss of volatile oil.
Foreign Pharmacopeias: In Belg., Chil., Egyp., Fr., Ger., Ind., Jug., mex., Nor., Pol., Span., Swed., and Swiss. Also in U.S.N.F.
Mex. specifies not less than 2-5 % v/w of volatile oil and Pol. was not less than 2 %. U.S.N.F. specifies not less than 0-5 %.
Uses. Cinnamon is carminative and slightly astringent and is used in the treatment of diarrhoea.  

A note on the history of and trade in cinnamon. -Pharm. J., i/1957, 31. 

Aq. Cinnam. Dest. (B.P.C. 1949). Distilled Cinnamon Water. Cinnamon 10 g. and water 200 ml.; distil 100 ml. Dose: 15 to 30 ml. (� to 1 fl. oz.).
Pulv. Cinnamon. Co. (B.P.C. 1949). Compound Powder of Cinnamon; Aromatic Powder. Equal parts of cinnamon, cardamom seed, and ginger, in fine powder. Dose: 0-5 to 4 g. (10 to 60 grains).
Tinct. Cinnam. (B.P.C. 1949). Tincture of Cinnamon. Prepared by percolating cinnamon 1 with 5 of alcohol (70 %). Dose: 2 to 4 ml. (30 to 60 minims).  

Saigon Cinnamon (Jap.P.) Cinnamon (U.S.N.F.).
Dose: 0-3 to 1-3 g (5 to 20 grains).    
The dried bark of Cinnamomum loureirii (Lauraceae) containing not less than 2-5 % v/w of volatile oil. Store in a cool dry place.  
Uses. It has similar properties to Ceylon cinnamon and is used for the same purposes

Cinnamon Oil (B.P.).Ol. Cinnam.; Aetheroleum Cinnamomi Zeylanici; Essence de Cannelle de Ceylan; Zimtol; Esencia de canela. 
Dose: 0-06 to 0-2 ml. (1 to 3 minims).   
A light yellow oil with the characteristic odour and taste of cinnamon, obtained by distillation from cinnamon. It becomes reddish-brown with age. It contains 55 to 68 % w/w of cinnamaldehyde. Wt per ml. 0-994 to 1-034 g. Soluble 1 in 3 of alcohol (70 %) and 1 in 0-3 of alcohol (90 %).
Foreign Pharmacopeias: In Belg., Cz., Egyp., Fr., Ger., Ind., Jug., Mex., Span., Swed., and Swiss.
Jug. and Span. Have 65 to 75 % aldhydes, Mex. Not less than 80 %, and Swiss 67 to 75 %.
Esencia de canela (Chil.P.) May be either Cinnamon Oil or Cassia Oil.
Cinnamon Oil (U.S.P.) Is Cassia Oil.
Uses. Cinnamon oil is carminative and antiseptic. It has been used in influenza and catarrh, being given in milk or on sugar, but is of doubtful value. It is occasionally prescribed as an inhalation (30 to 40minims with boiling water 1 pint), and as a spray (1 in 20 of light liquid paraffin). It is also used as a flavouring agent.

Cinnamon Water (B.P.) May be prepared either (1) by repeatedly shaking cinnamon oil with 500 times its volume of water during a period of 15 minutes setting aside for 12 hours , or overnight, and filtering; or (2) by triturating the oil with a sufficient quantity of talc, or kieselguhr, or pulped filter paper, and 500 times it's wolume of water, and filtering; or (3) by diluting Concentrated Cinnamon Water with 39 times its volume of water. 

Concentrated Cinnamon Water (B.P.). Aq. Cinnam. Conc. Cinnamon oil 2 ml., alcohol (90 % ) 60 ml., water to 100 ml.; shaken with talc and filtered it is approximately 40 times as strong as the distilled water. Dose: 0-3 to 1 ml. (5 to 15 minims). 

Sp. Cinnam. (B.P.C. 1949). Spirit of Cinnamon. Cinnamon oil 1 in 10 of alcohol (90 %). Dose: 0-3 to 1-2 ml. (5 to 20 minims). 
Cinnamon Leaf Oil (Ind.P.). Ol.Cinnam. Fol.
Dose: 0-06 to 0-2 ml. (1 to 3 minims).
Distilled from the leaves of Cinnamomum cassia and other species of Cinnamomum. It is a dark brown limpid liquid with a pentrating fragrant odour, resembling that of cinnamon and of clove, and a very pungent taste. Wt per ml. About 1-05 g. Soluble 1 in 3 of alcohol (70 %).
Uses. It is used in India as a substitute for clove oil.   

Citronella Oil (B.P.C.). Ol. Citronell.  
Foreign Pharmacopeias: In Chil., Cz., Dan., Ger., and Swiss. Also in Ind. P.C. (Ceylon oil only).  

A pale to deep yellow oil with a pleasant characteristic odour, obtained by distillation from Cymbopogon nardus or C. winterianus (Gramineae) or varietal or hybrid forms of these species. The chief constituents are geraniol and citronellal. There are two main types of citronella oil, differing in odour and composition and known as Ceylon oil and Java oil. Ceylon oil has a wt per ml. Of 0-892 to 0-908 g. And contains not less than 55% w/w of acetylisable constituents calculated as geraniol; Java oil has a wt per ml. Of 0-880 to 0-895 g. and contains not less than 85 % w/w of acetylisable constituents. Soluble 1 in 4 of alcohol (80 %) forming a clear or slightly opalescent solution.
Uses. It is used as a constituent of insect repellents but it is less effective than dibutyl phthalate. It is chiefly used as a perfum, particularly for soaps and brilliantines.  

Anti-mosquito Cream. Citronella oil 18-25%, camphor 1%, cedarwood oil 1 %, hard paraffin 17 -25 % , white soft paraffin 45 % . Appled to hands, face, neck and ears it will keep off mosquitoes for 6 hours and is an excellent protection against sandflies. -J.A.Manifold, Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 1939, 33, 298.  
 
Clove (B.P.) Caryophyllum; Cloves; Clou de Girofle; Giroflier; Gewurznelken
Dose: 120 to 300 mg. (2 to 5 grains).

Foreign Pharmacopeias: In Belg., Cz., Dan., Egyp., Fr., Ger., Hung., Ind., Jap., Jug., Nor., Pol., and Swiss. Also in U.S.N.F.
The dried flower-buds of Eugenia caryophyllus (=Caryophyllus aromaticus; E. aromatica; Jambosa caryophyllus) (Myrtaceae), containing not less than 15 % v/w of volatile oil. Powdered Clove (B.P.) Contains not less than 14 % v/w of volatile oil. Clove has a strong, characteristic, fragrant, and spicy odour, and a very pungent and aromatic taste. Store in a cool dry place.
Uses. A carminative used in flatulence and dyspepsia.
Aq. Caryoph. Conc. (B.P.C. 1934). Concentrated Clove Water. Clove oil 2 ml., alcohol (90 %) 60 ml. Water to 100 ml.; shaken with talc and filtered. It is approximately 40 times as strong as distilled clove water. Dose: 0-3 to 1 ml. (5 to 15 minims).
Concentrated Infusion of Clove (B.P.C. 1934). Distilled Clove Water. Clove 2-5 g and water 200 ml.; distil 100 ml. And filter when cold. Dose: 15 to 30 ml. � to 1 fl. oz.).
Concentrated Infusion of Clove (B.P.C.), Inf Caryoph.; Conc. Clove 1 in about 5; prepared by percolation with alcohol (25 %). Dose: 2 to 4 ml. (30 to 60 minims).
Infusion of Clove is prepared by diluting 1 volume of this concentrated infusion to 8 volumes with water.

Clove Oil (B.P.). Ol. Caryoph.; Esence de Girofle; Nelkenol; Esencia de clavo.
Dose: 0-06 to 0-2 ml. (1 to 3 minims).
Foreign Pharmacopeias: In Chil., Chin., Cz., Egyp., Fr., Ger., Hung., Ind., Jap., Jug., Mex., Span., Swiss, and U.S.
A colourless or pale yellow liquid with the characteristic odour and taste of clove, obtained by distillation from clove. It darkens with age and on exposure to light. It contains 85 to 90 % v/v of eugenol. Wt per ml. 1-041 to 1-054 g. Soluble 1 in 2 of alcohol (70 %); miscible with alcohol (90 %) and with ether.

Uses. Clove oil is an antispasmodic and carminative and is sometimes used in the treatment of flatulent colic; for this purpose it may be given on sugar or in capsules. Applied externally it is rubefacient and counter-irritant. A liniment containing 1 part of clove oil and 2 parts of olive oil has been used to relieve pain in neuralgia. A compound liniment containing 1 part of clove oil, 1 part of amber oil, and 2 parts of olive oil has been used in the treatment of bronchitis, whooping-cough and rheumatism. It is a useful domestic remedy for toothache, a plug of cotton wool soaked in the oil being inserted in the cavity of the carious tooth. Mixed with zinc oxide it is used as a temporary anodyne dental filling. Though eugenol is often preferred. It is also used in dentifrices (1 to 3 %) as an antiseptic and flavouring agent.
N.F. Toothache Drops (U.S.N.F.) Odontalgicum. Chlorbutol 25 g., clove oil to 100 mil.   

Reproduced from
Martindale's Extra Pharmacopeia 24th Edition  

Essential Oils