CourseIndex

Chapter/Module 1. First Things First – The Growers Index of Possibilities – Processing Options – Economic Yield and Land Area – Chemo-Culture, Liebig’s Legacy – Market Scope – The Process – The Technology – Product Formulation – Market Research – Crop Yields and Economic Potential – Drying Ratios – Average Yield by Specie – Planting Distances for Selected Species – Planting Distances – Plants per Hectare – Conversion Data – Plantation Establishment – Seed Data – Propagation and Cultivation Hints

Chapter/Module 2. Harvesting and Dehydration Schedules – Climatic Factors – Temperature – Light Intensity and Duration  – Water Requirements – Wind Shelter – Latitude, Longitude and Altitude – Harvesting Schedule – Harvesting for Quality – Harvesting the Root – Harvesting the Leaf – Harvesting Whole Herb Above Ground – Harvesting the Flower – Harvesting the Seed – Harvesting Bark – Harvesting of Non Standard Parts – Post Harvest Procedures – The root – Leaf – The Whole Herb – The Flower – General Points – Provision of Drying Surface – The Dehydration Schedule.

Chapter/Module 3. Dehydration – The Benefits of Dehydration – The Aim Of Dehydration – The Living Herb – Photosynthesis – Primary and Secondary Compounds – Metabolic Pathways – General Plant Metabolism – Enzymes, the Plant Alchemists – Dehydration Times and Temperatures – Dehydration Target Times – Dehydration, Basic Information – Dehydration, the Root or Rhizome – Dehydration, the Leaf and Stalk – Dehydration, The Flower The dehydration Climate – Climatic and Dehydrator Conditions – Dehydration Factors – Sun and Shade Drying – Microwave Drying – Belt and Flash Drying – Freeze Drying – Convection Drying – Solar Drying – Desiccants and Ambient Humidity – Air as Drying Medium.

Chapter/Module 4. Introduction to Dehydration Principles and Practice – Fundamental Concepts – The Theory of Matter – The Atom – The Heart of the Matter – Elements – Compounds – Mixtures – Physical and Chemical Processes – Atoms Molecules Elements and Energy – Three Physical States of Matter – Solids – Liquids – Vapors – Measurements – The Metric System – Number Powers and Indices – The Negative Index or Power – Multiplying By Power – The International System of Units – Physical or Base Quantities – SI Base Qualities and Units – Selected Derived Units SI System – Conversion Factors  – Miscellaneous Factors – Macroscopic and Microscopic Quantities – Work – Power – Energy – Thermodynamics – Heat and Temperature – Heat Energy – Specific Heat Capacity – Specific Heat Capacities and Densities Table – Density and Relative Density – Heat Transfer – Thermometers and Temperature – Temperature Scales – Comparison of Temperature Scales – Energy and Change of State – Sensible Heat – Heat and Change of State – Enthalpy – Temperature – Change of State – Atmospheric Pressure – Vapor Pressure – The Effect of Increased Pressure – The Effect of Reduced Pressure – The Measurement of Pressure – Torricelli’s Barometer – Boiling Points and Partial Vacuum – The Physics of the Atmosphere and Psychrometry – Field Condition Temperatures – Air and Water Vapor – Saturation and Relative Humidity – Dew Point – The Wet and Dry Bulb Thermometer – The Wet Bulb Thermometer – The Earth and Dehydrator Climate – Reading the Psychometric Chart – Reading the Chart – Herbal Psychrometric Chart – Dehydration Terms Selected Glossary.

Chapter/Module 5. The Practical Application of the Theoretical Principles – Standard Values – Heat and Air Convection – Air Convection – Typical Drying Shed – Types of Air Convection – The single Fan System – The Balanced System – Air Movement – Types of Fans – Factors in Fan Selection – The Production of Heated Air – Fuel Energy Politics – High and Low Grade Energy – Combustion and Fuel Values – Fuel Energy Values – Solar Energy – The Solar Constant – Solar Energy as Sole Heat Source – Conversion Systems – Conversion Systems and Global Warming – Dehydration and Solar Energy – Biomass Conversion to Energy – Net Eco-System Productivity – Components of a Dehydrator – The Gravity Stack – The Horizontal Stack – The Tunnel Dryer – Air Heating Components – The Hybrid System – The Solar Panel – A Wood Burning Furnace – Calculation of Fuel Needed – Thermal Conductivity – Thermal Conductivity Average Values – Fuel and Dehydrator Efficiency – Estimating Dehydration Capacity – Selection of Dehydration Method – Calculating Energy Requirements – Enthalpy of Evaporation – The Heat Calculation – Calculation of Air Volume – Variation in Air Volume – Estimating Fan Power – The Owner Built Dehydrator – Putting it all Together – Specifications and Construction – Hybrid Forced Draught Tunnel Dryer – Construction Notes – Hygrometer Mounting – Operation of the Dehydrator Air Flow Vents – Constant Rate Air Flow Pattern – Falling Rate Air Flow Pattern – Cooling and Conditioning Air Flow Pattern – Commissioning the Dehydrator – Preparation for the Drying Trials – The Drying Trial – Hygrometer Data – Storage and Fumigation – Preparations for Further Processing – Size Reduction – Methods of Size Reduction – The Hammer Mill – Sieving or Screening – Standard Sieves – Farm Sieves.

Chapter/Module 6. Measurements – Average Uncertainty Factors – Glassware – Standard Joints – Construction Points for Small Scale Plant – Heavy Metals – Distillation Train – The Heat Source – Temperature Regulation – A Simple Water Bath – Larger Scale Evaporating Water Bath – The Condenser Multi tube and Coil Type – Condenser Efficiency – Condenser Capacity – Steam Data – Thermal Conductivity of a Spiral Coil – Distillation Techniques – Product Boiling Points – Alcohols – Vapor Composition – Fractional Distillation – Industrial Fractional Distillation – Small Scale Fractional Distillation – Distillation in Steam – A Domestic Still – Distillation under Reduced Pressure – Reduced Pressure – Safety Precautions – A Simple Vacuum Pump and Manometer – Vapor Pressure of Water – The Water Jet Vacuum Pump – The Manometer – Production Scale Equipment – Multi purpose Still – Notes to Multi Purpose Still – Sublimation and Distillation of Solids – Sublimation of the Benzoic Acid.

Chapter/Module 7. Valence Electrons and Bonding – The Electronic Theory of Valence – The Noble Gases – Double Covalent Bonds – Polar and Non polar Covalent Bonds – The Hydrogen Bond – Valence and Organic Chemistry – The Elements of Life – Symbols and Formulae – Molecular Formulae – Isomers – Structural Formulae – Organic Chemistry and Carbon Compounds – Organic Chemistry and Vitalism – Characteristics of Carbon Compounds – Carbon and Carbon Compounds – Carbon Bonds – The Classification of Carbon Compounds – Functional Groups  – Compounds with 1 Carbon and Oxygen bond – Compounds with 2 Oxygen bonds – Compounds with 3 Oxygen bonds – Nitrogen containing Compounds – Sulphur containing Compounds – Simple Chemical Reactions – Addition Reactions – Combination Reactions – Decomposition Reaction – Single Replacement Reaction – Double Replacement Reactions – Stereo Chemistry – Structural Representation – Molecules and Mirrors – Enantiomers – The ‘R’ and ‘S’ Convention – Optical Activity – Polarized Light – The Polarimeter – The Racemate – Chirality and Biological Systems – Chirality and Synthetic Drugs – Lethal Racemates – The Herb as Manufacturing Chemist – Acids, Bases and Salts – Acids, Bases and Alkalis – Buffer Action – Acidity and Alkalinity – The pH Scale – Chemical Analysis – Quantitative Chemistry – The Mole and Avogadro Constant – Molar Solutions – Density – Relative Density – Temperature and SG – Percentage Solutions – Percentage Formulae – Percentage Composition – Proportions and Ratios – Decimal Numbers and Fractions – Reading the Decimal Numbers  – Multiplying and Dividing Decimal Numbers – Changing Percentages to Decimal Fractions – Changing Decimal Fractions to Percentages – Changing Percentages to Common Fractions – Changing Percentages to Ratios – Changing Ratio to Percent.

Chapter/Module 8. The Materia Medica – Pharmacognosy – Pharmacology – Toxicology – Posology – Herbal Pharmacy – The Raw Materia Medica – Crude Vegetable Drugs – Crude Drugs – Natural Exudations Evaluation of Crude Drugs – Organoleptic Assessment – Microscopic Assessment – Chemical and Physical Testing – Herbal Constituents – Chemical Assay – Biological Standardization – Physical Standardization – Arbitrary Standardization – Herbal Constituents – Solubilities in Alcohol and Water – Alkaloids – Anthraquinone Derivatives (Emodins) – Albumins and Globulins – Chlorophyll – Cellulose and Lignin – Fixed Oils –Flavonoids – Glycosides – Gum Mucilage – Resins – The true resins – Oleo-resins and Balsams – The Gum resins – Starch – Tannins – Volatile Oils – Waxes – Solvents used for Extraction Purposes – Basic Chemical Reactions – Incompatibilities – Chemical Incompatibilities – Pharmaceutic Incompatibility – Physical Incompatibility – Therapeutic Incompatibility – Solvents used for Herbal Preparations – Solvents and Their General Properties – Vinegar and Acetic Acid – Cider Apple Vinegar – Glucose Vinegar – Distilled (Spirit) Vinegar – Malt Vinegar – Wine (Grape) Vinegar – Acetic Acid (Acidum Aceticum) Description and Physical Properties – Diluted Acetic Acid – Acetic Acid as a Solvent – Glycerine (Glycerol) – Water – Classes of Water – Rain Water – Reservoir and Lake Water – River Water – Spring Water – Artesian Wells – Distilled Water – Alcohol – Absolute Alcohol – Dehydrated Alcohol – Rectified Spirit – Diluted Alcohol – Types of Alcohol – Alcohol by Fermentation – Alcohol as Solvent – Combination Solvents – Factors Affecting Solubility – Temperature – The nature of the Solvent – Surface Area – General Points – General Table of Solubilities – The Exudates – Fixed Oils and Fats – Common Properties – Gums and Resins – Methods of Preparation – The Gums – The Waxes – Preparations of Crude Drugs – Efficacy – Contamination – Spoilage – Routes and Preparations – Description of Preparations – Classification of Crude Drugs – Morphology and Histology – Taxonomic Classification – Kingdom Plantae – Chemical Taxonomy – Classification by Pharmacological Activity – Polypharmacy – Manifestations of Polypharmacy – Corruption of the Work – In Pursuit of the Prefect Reagent – Scientific Biological Assay – The Legal Position.

Chapter/Module 9. Introduction to the Pharmacy of Herbs – Manufacturing the Solvents and Carriers – Alcohol – Fermentation – Yeast Strains – Yeast Ecology – Yeast Food – Yeast Respiration – Environmental Acidity – Fermentation Temperature – The Fermentation Substrata – Sugar and Starch – Glucose and Fructose – Sucrose – Starch – Yeast, Enzymes and Alcohol – Sugar and Alcohol in Solution – The Hydrometer – Relationship of Density Scales – SG and Weight Volume Relationships – Using The Tables – Preparation of Fermentation Liquids – Factors that Influence Fermentation – The Hydrometer and Fermentation Liquids – The Preparation and Use of Invert Sugar – Syruping the Fermentation Liquid – When to Syrup – Secondary and Tertiary Fermentation – Culturing the Yeasts – Fermentation Air Locks – Sterilization – Summary of Fermentation Processes – Fermentation Products – Maintaining a Yeast Strain – Distillation of Alcohol – Distillation and Rectification of Alcohol – SG and Alcohol Strength – The Official Dilute Alcohols – Preparing the Dilute Alcohols – Distilled Water – Preparation of Distilled Water.

Chapter/Module 10. The Extractions – Types of Extract – Extraction Procedure – Authentication of Crude Drugs – Sampling of Crude Drugs – Original Packs and Re-packs – Sampling Small Packs –The Representative and Official Samples – The Physical Examination of Samples – Other Test Procedures – Analytic Protocols – The Tests – Crude Reagent Tests – Simple Tests for Alkaloids – Testing for Glycosides – Principles of Size Reduction – Extraction Process – Infusions – Concentrated Infusions – The British Herbal Pharmacopoeia – Choosing an Appropriate Extraction Process – Extracting by Maceration – Tinctures by Maceration – Tinctures from Un-organized Drugs – Summary of Maceration Processes – The Un-organized Drug – Concentrated Preparations – Drug Menstruum Ratios – Homoeopathic Mother Tinctures – Hahnemann – The Problem for Homoeopathy – The Potencies Problem – The Potencies and Molecular Memory – Serial Dilution and Information transfer – Terminology and Methodology of Serial Dilution – Succussion the Mechanics – Dilution Mechanics and Problems – The Decimal Scale – The Korsakoff Potencies – High Potencies – The Plant Juices – Tinctures from Fresh Plants – The Extracts – Percolation Method – Percolation Apparatus Reserve Percolate Method – Soft and Dry Extracts – Soft Extracts – Dry Extracts – Scales and Granules – Supplementary Procedures – Continuous Hot Extraction – Alternative Extraction Apparatus – Essential or Volatile oils – Occurrence and nature – Odour extraction – Maceration and Enfleurage – Maceration method – Enfleurage Method – Preparation of enfleurage plates – Extraction by pressure – Extraction by volatile liquids.
 

Chapter/Module 11. Compounding – Classification of Compound Remedies – The Simplex – The Compound – The Compound Remedy – Shelf Life of a Remedy – Climatic Temperature Range – Integrity of the Remedy – The Standardised Remedy – Posology – Clark’s Rule – Young’s Rule – The Eclectic Rule – The Surface Area Rule – Comments on Posology – Remedies in Liquid Form – Emulsions – Solutions – Suspensions – The Emulsions – Types of Emulsions – The Theory of Emulsification – Anionic Emulsifiers – Cationic Emulsifiers – Non Ionizing molecules – The Natural Colloids – Gums – Mucilages – Proteins – Waxes – The Fixed Oils and Fats – The Alcohols – Structural Examples – Solutions – Elixirs – Syrups – Tinctures – Solubility – True and Colloid Solutions – Dispersions and Suspensions – Manufacturing Emulsions – Light Creams and Ointments –  Balm – Salve – Cream – Methodology for Lotions and Creams  – The Ointments (Unguentum) – Animal fats – Insect exudations – Vegetable exudations – Mineral Oils and Wax – Synthetics – Methodology of Preparation – Adding the Medicament – Ointment Posology – Useful Formulae – Pessaries – Suppositories – Bougies – Salve Sticks – Capsules – Pills – Tablets – Enteric Coated Capsules – Coating the Capsules – By Rotation – By Spraying – Pills and Pill Mass – Tablets ( Tabellae ) – Moulded Tablets – Compressed Tablets – Tablet Disintegration Test – Lozenges or Troches – A Simple Moulded Lozenge Base – Lozenges with a Flavoured Base – Simple Flavouring Syrup – Elixirs (Elixeria) – The Insufflations ( Snuff ) – The Inhalants – Homeopathic Preparations – Triturations.

Chapter/Module 12. Introduction to Spagyric or Plant Alchemy – The Philosophical Elements – The Philosophical Principles – Metal and Mineral Transmutation – Biological Transmutations – Circadian Rhythms – Astrology and Circadian Rhythms – Hermetic Philosophy and Astrology – Man as Microcosm – The Hermetic Hypothesis and Scientific Corroboration – The Earths magnetosphere – The Solar Heartbeat – Diamagnetic – Paramagnetic – Ferromagnetic – The Moon as Magnetic Modulator – Electromagnetic Induction – Solar Eclipse and the Saros Cycle – Astrology as the basis of Spagyric Work – Herbs and the Seven Inner Planets – Herbs and the Constellations – The Zodiac and Spagyric Operations – The Spagyric Extracts – Spagyric Solvents – Water – Alcohol – Spagyric Maceration – Recovery of Soluble Salts from the Marc – Exaltation or Circulation – The Soluble Salts –The Salts – The Tissue Salts – Filtration.

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