| 628 |
| Lemon Oil (B.P.). Ol. Limon.; Aetheroleum Citri; Oleum Citri; Zitronenol; Esencia de cidra. |
| Foreign Pharmacopeias: In all pharmacopoeias examined except Chin. And Swed. |
| A pale yellow or greenish-yellow oil with a characeristic odour and a warm, slightly bitter taste, obtained by expression from fresh lemon peel. It contains not less than 4 % w/w of aldehydes calculated as citral. Wt per ml. 0-850 to 0-856 g. Soluble 1 in 12 of alcohol (90 %), the solution having a slight opalescence; miscible with dehydrated alcohol, carbon disulphide, and glacial acetic acid. |
| Uses. Lemon oil is carminative, but it is chiefly used as a flavouring agent. For culinary purposes an alcoholic solution (1 in 10) is sometimes sold as 'essence of lemon', but this solution should be supplied as 'prepared essence of lemon'. |
| Dried Lemon Peel (B.P.), Limon. Cort. Sicc. And Fresh Lemon Peel (B.P.), Limon. Cort. Rec.; Citrii Cortex; Citri Flavedo; Limonis Flavedo; Pericarpium Citri. |
| The dried or fresh outer part of the pericarp of the ripe or nearly ripe fruit of Citrus limon (==C. Limonia and C. medica) (Rutaceae). The dried peel caontains not less than 2-5 % v/w of volatile oil. |
| Foreign Pharmacopeias: In Chin., Egyp., Jug., and Swed. Chil., Ind., Swiss, and U.S. have fresh peel only. |
| Uses. Lemon peel is used principally as a flavouring agent and as a bitter. |
| Succus Limonis (B.P.C. 1949). Lemon Juice; Succes Citri. The expressed jiice of the ripe fruit of Citrus limon, either fresh or preserved with SO . It may be concentrated in vacuo without appreciable loss of ascorbic acid. |
| Syr. Succ. Limon. (B.P.C.1934). Syrup of Lemon Juice.Lemon peel 20 g. is macerated in alcohol (90 %) 30 ml. Fro 7 days, pressed, and filtered. The filtrate is diluted to 40 ml. with alcohol (90 %) and added to sucrose 760 g. dissolved in fresh clarified lemon juice 500 ml. Dose: 2 to 4 ml. (30 to 60 minims). |
| Tinc. Limon. Conc. (B.P.C. 1949). Concentrated Tincture of Lemon. Prepared by macerating fresh lemon peel 1 in 1 of alcohol (90 %). It is approximately twice the strength of Tincture of Lemon. B.P. Add. Dose: 0-5 to 1 ml. (8 to 15 minims). |
| Tincture of Lemon (B.P.Add.). Prepared by macerating fresh lemon peel 1 in 2 of alcohol (60 %). U.S.P. is the same strength but is prepared with alcohol (95 %). Protect from light n a cool place. Dose: 1 to 2 ml. (15 to 30 minims). |
| Matricaria (B.P.C. 1949). German Chamomile; Chamomilla; Flos Camomillae; Manzanilla ordinaria. |
| Dose: 8 to 116 g (1/4 to � oz.). |
| Foreign Pharmacopeias: In Belg., Chil., Cz., Dan., Egyp., Fr., Hung., Jap., Jug., Nor., Pol., Span., Sweed., and Swiss. Also in Ind. P.C. |
| The dried flowerheads of Matricaria chamomilla (Compositae), containing not less than 0-4 % v/w of volatile oil. They have a hollow conical receptacle and no paleae, while the receptacles of chamomile, Anthemis nobilis, are solid and covered with concave, blunt, narrow bracts. Powdered Matricaria (B.P.C. 1949) contains not less than 0-2 % v/w of volatile oil. Protect from light in a cool dry place. |
| Uses. It is used for the same purposes as chamomile. Matricaria Oil (in Hung. P. and Swiss P.) Is inferior in odour to chamomile oil |
| Melaleuca Oil (B.P.C. 1949). Ol. Melal.; Tea Tree Oil; Ti-tree Oil. |
| A colourless or pale yellow oil with a pleasant characteristic odour and a terebinthinate taste, obtained by distillation from leaves of the Australian tea tree, Melaleuca alternifolia (Myrtaceae). It contains about 50 to 60 % w/w of terpenes, cineole (up to 10 %), and terpineol to which the odour is largely due. Wt. Per ml. 0-089 to 0-900 g. Soluble 1 in 3 of alcohol (90 %). |
| Uses. It has been used as an antiseptic fro general surgical purposes. It is a constituent of many proprietary disinfectants, especially those prepared with chlorinated phenols. |
| 630 |
| Melissa. Balm; Balm Gentle; Balm-mint; Honey Plant; Lemon Balm. |
| The leaves or leaves and tops of Melissa officinalis (Labiatae) a fragrant lemon-scented herb, containing a small amount (abot 0-1 %) of volatile oil. |
| Foreign Pharmacopeias: In Belg., Cz., Fr., Ger., Jug., Nor., Pol., Span., and Swiss. |
| Uses. Melissa has carminative and diaphoretic properties. It is an ingredient of a number of aromatic spirits and aromatic waters included in several European pharmacopoeias. A compound aromatic spirit (eau de Melisse des Carmes; Karmelitergeist; Agua carmelitaria), distilled from a mxture of fresh melissa herb, lemon pel, cinnamon, nutmeg, coriander, and other aromatics; has long been used on the Continent as a digestive stimulant and as a fragrant stimulating application to the skin. |
| Alcoolat de Melisse Compose` (Fr. P.). Fresh flowering melissa 90 g., fresh lemon peel 15 g., cinnamon 8 g., clove 8 g., nutmeg 8 g., coriander 4 g. angelica root 4 g., and alcohol (80 %) 500 g., macerated for 4 days and distilled to produce 425 g. A similar preparation is included in several foreign pharmacopoeias. |
| Melissa Oil. Balm Oil; Lemon Balm Oil; Etheroleum Melissae (Jug. P.). A yellow oil with an odour and taste resembling lemon, obtained by distillation from M. officinalis. It contains citral. Wt per ml. abot 0-91 g. It has been used as a diaphoretic; dose: 0-06 to 0-2 ml. (1 to 3 minims). |
| Neroli Oil (B.P.C. 1949). Ol. Nerol., Orange-flower Oil; Pomeranzenblutenol; Esencia de azahar. |
| Foreign Pharmacopeias: In Belg., Chil., Egyp., Mex., Swed., and Swiss. |
| A pale yellow, slightly flourescent oil, darkening on exposure to air and light, with an intense characteristic odour and bitter taste, obtained by distillation from the flowers of the bitter-orange tree, Citrus Aurantium (Rutaceae). It contains the methyl ester of anthranilic acid to which the odour is said to be due. It may become turbid or solid at low temperatures. Wt. Per ml. 0-865 to 0-880 g. Soluble 1 in 2 of alcohol (80 %), the solution becoming turbid on the addition of more of the alcohol. |
| Uses. Neroli oil is used as a flavouring agent and in perfumery. |
| Aq. Aurant. Flor. Conc. (B.P.C. 1949). Concentrated Orange-flower Water. Neroli oil 0-62 ml., alcohol (90 %) 60 ml., water to 100 ml.; shaken with talc and filtered. |
| Triple Orange-flower Water and orange-flower water may be prepared by diluting the concentrated water with 12 times and 39 times its volume of water respectively. |
| Orange Flower Syrup (U.S.N.F.). Orange-flower water 22-5 ml., sucrose 85 g., water to 100 ml. |
| Orange Flower Water (Ind. P., U.S.N.F.). A saturated solution prepared by distilling the fresh flowers of C. aurantium with water and removing the excess volatile oil from the clear aqueous portion of the distillate. |
| Syr. Aurant. Flor. (B.P.C. 1949). Syrup of Orange Flower. Concentrated orange-flower water 1-5 % v/v in syrup. Dose: 2 to 4 mo. (30 to 60 minims). |
| Niaouli Oil. Essence de Niaouli. |
| Dose: 0-1 to 0-5 ml. (1 � to 8 minims). |
| Foreign Pharmacopeias: In Belg., Fr., Span., and Swiss. Fr. Also includes a purified form, Essence de Niaouli Purifiee. |
| A colourless or yellowish oil with a characteristic cineole-like odour and a bitter aromatic taste, obtained by distillation from the fresh leaves of Malaleuca viridiflora (Myrtaceae).It contains about 60 % v/v of cineole. Soluble 1 in 4 of alcohol (70 %) and 1 in 1 of alcohol (80 %). |
| Uses. It has the typical properties of essential oils. It is used as a general antiseptic and has been given in rhinitis, laryngitis, and various diseases of the respiratory tract. |
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| Reproduced from Martindales's Extra Pharmacopeia 24th Edition |
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| Essential Oils ~ 6 |
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