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http://www.inchem.org/pages/about.html |
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| The following table of abbreviations is after inchem org. A Canadian site and public access data base. Highly recommended | |||||
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Abbreviations
Toxicological Abbreviations |
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| AA | activation analysis; atomic absorption | ||||
| AAF | acetylaminofluorene | ||||
| AAPCC | American Association of Poison Control Centers | ||||
| AAS | atomic absorption spectrophotometry | ||||
| ABS | acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene | ||||
| ACE | angiotensin-converting enzyme | ||||
| ACGIH | American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists | ||||
| ACh | acetylcholine | ||||
| AChE | acetylcholinesterase | ||||
| AcP | acid phosphatase | ||||
| ACTH | adrenocorticotropic hormone | ||||
| AD | Alzheimer's disease | ||||
| ADH | alcohol dehydrogenase; anti-diuretic hormone | ||||
| ADI | acceptable daily intake | ||||
| ADP | adenosine diphosphate | ||||
| AEP | auditory evoked potential | ||||
| AES | atomic emission spectroscopy | ||||
| AFID | alkali flame ionization detection | ||||
| Ah | aromatic hydrocarbon | ||||
| AHH | aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase | ||||
| ai | active ingredient | ||||
| AIDS | acquired immune deficiency syndrome | ||||
| AIN | acute interstitial nephritis | ||||
| ALA | aminolevulinic acid | ||||
| ALAD | �-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase | ||||
| ALAS | o-aminolevulinic acid synthetase | ||||
| ALAT | alanine aminotransferase | ||||
| ALC | approximate lethal concentration | ||||
| ALD | approximate lethal dose | ||||
| ALMS | atomic line molecular spectrometry | ||||
| ALT | alanine aminotransferase | ||||
| AM | alveolar macrophages | ||||
| AMP | amperometric titration | ||||
| AMPA | aminomethylphosphonic acid | ||||
| ANTU | alpha-naphthylthiourea | ||||
| AP | alkaline phosphatase | ||||
| APDM | aminopyrine-N-demethylase | ||||
| APP | ammonium polyphosphate | ||||
| AQG | Air Quality Guidelines | ||||
| ARF | acute renal failure | ||||
| ARL | acceptable or tolerable residue limit | ||||
| ART | alternate reproductive test | ||||
| ASAT | aspartate aminotransferase | ||||
| ASV | anodic stripping voltametry | ||||
| ATA | alimentary toxic aleukia | ||||
| ATH | alumina trihydrate | ||||
| ATPase | adenosine triphosphatase | ||||
| AUC | area under the curve | ||||
| AWI | acceptable or tolerable weekly intake | ||||
| B | bursa-dependent | ||||
| BA | 2-bromoacrolein | ||||
| BAER | brainstem auditory-evoked response | ||||
| BAF | bioaccumulation factor | ||||
| BAL | bronchoalveolar lavage | ||||
| BBB | blood-brain barrier | ||||
| BBPP | bis(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate | ||||
| BCF | bioconcentration factor | ||||
| BEA | 2-bromoethylamine | ||||
| BEI | biological exposure index | ||||
| BEN | Balkan endemic nephropathy | ||||
| BGG | bovine gammaglobulin | ||||
| BHA | butylated hydroxyanisole | ||||
| BHK | baby hamster kidney | ||||
| BIC | butyl isocyanate | ||||
| BMAA | beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine | ||||
| BMD | benchmark dose (US EPA) | ||||
| BMF | biomagnification factor | ||||
| BOAA | beta-N-oxalylamino-L-alanine | ||||
| BOD | biochemical oxygen demand | ||||
| BP | benzo[a]pyrene | ||||
| BSA | bovine serum albumin | ||||
| BSP | bromosulfophthalein | ||||
| BUB | 2-(3-butylureido)benzimidazole | ||||
| BUN | blood urea nitrogen | ||||
| bw | body weight | ||||
| C | |||||
| CA | chrysanthemic acid | ||||
| CALLA | common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia antigen | ||||
| cAMP | cyclic adenosine monophosphate | ||||
| CAS | Chemical Abstracts Service | ||||
| CBF | cerebral blood flow | ||||
| CC | critical concentration | ||||
| CCFA Codex | Committee on Food Additives (see definition of Codex Alimentarious Commission) | ||||
| CCPR | Codex Committee on Pesticide Residues | ||||
| CCTTE | Computerized Listing of Chemicals Being Tested for Their Toxicological Effects (IPCS/IRPTC) | ||||
| CD | cluster of differentiation; coulometric detection | ||||
| cDNA | complementary DNA | ||||
| CE | capillary electrophoresis | ||||
| CEC | Commission of the European Communities | ||||
| CEFIC | European Council of Chemical Industry Federations | ||||
| CFC | chlorofluorocarbon | ||||
| cGMP | cyclic guanosine monophosphate | ||||
| ChE | cholinesterase | ||||
| CHO | Chinese hamster ovary | ||||
| Ci | curie(s) | ||||
| CI | confidence interval | ||||
| CIN | chronic interstitial nephritis | ||||
| CKSCC | cystic keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma | ||||
| Cl_2 | CA 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid | ||||
| CLD | chemiluminescence nitrogen detector | ||||
| CLM | chemiluminescence method | ||||
| CLV | ceiling value | ||||
| Cl-Vacid | (= CPIA) 2-(4-chlorophenyl)isovaleric acid | ||||
| CMI | cell-mediated immunity | ||||
| CML | cell-mediated lympholysis | ||||
| CNS | central nervous system | ||||
| COD | chemical oxygen demand | ||||
| CO-Hb | carboxyhaemoglobin | ||||
| COPD | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | ||||
| COT | Committee on Toxicity (United Kingdom) | ||||
| cP | centipoise(s) | ||||
| CP | coproporphyrins | ||||
| CPA | cyclopropane carboxylic acid | ||||
| CPK | creatine phosphokinase | ||||
| CRMs | certified reference materials | ||||
| CSF | cerebrospinal fluid | ||||
| CSM | Committee on Safety of Medicines (United Kingdom) | ||||
| CT | computerized tomography | ||||
| cv | coefficient of variation | ||||
| 2,4-D | 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid | ||||
| DAB | 4-dimethylaminobenzene | ||||
| DABA | L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid | ||||
| DBCP | 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane | ||||
| DBP |
di-n-butyl phthalate; 2,3-dibromopropanol |
||||
| DBT | dibutyltin | ||||
| DCB | dichlorobenzene | ||||
| DCVC | S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine | ||||
| DDC | diethyldithiocarbamate | ||||
| DDT | dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane | ||||
| DEHP | diethylhexyl phthalate | ||||
| DEN | diethylnitrosamine | ||||
| DES | diethylstilbestrol | ||||
| DFB | diflubenzuron | ||||
| DFP | diisopropylfluorophosphate (a delayed neurotoxic) | ||||
| DHPN | N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl) nitrosamine | ||||
| DiBP | di-iso-butyl phthalate | ||||
| DIDT | 5,6-dihydro-3H-imidazo (2,1-C)-1,2,4-dithiazole-3-thione | ||||
| DIT | diiodotyrosine | ||||
| DL | detection limit | ||||
| DMA | dimethylamine | ||||
| DMBA | dimethylbenzathraline | ||||
| DMF | dimethylformamide | ||||
| DMP | dimethylphenol | ||||
| DMSO | dimethyl sulfoxide | ||||
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid | ||||
| DNCB | dinitrochlorobenzene | ||||
| DNPH | 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine | ||||
| DOC | dissolved organic carbon | ||||
| DPASV | differential pulse anodic stripping voltametry | ||||
| DPTA | degradation time for 50% of a compound | ||||
| DTPA | diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid | ||||
| E | |||||
| EBDC | ethylene bisdithiocarbamate | ||||
| EBK | ethyl n-butyl ketone | ||||
| EC | effective concentration; electron capture; emulsifiable concentrate | ||||
| EC_50 | median effective concentration | ||||
| ECD | electron capture detection | ||||
| ECETOC | European Chemical Industry Ecology and Toxicology Centre | ||||
| ECG | electrocardiogram | ||||
| ECMO | extracorporeal membrane oxidation | ||||
| ECOD | 7-ethoxycoumarin-o-deethylase | ||||
| EDA | ethylenediamine; exploratory data analysis | ||||
| EDB | 1,2-dibromoethane (ethylene dibromide) | ||||
| EDCF | endothelial-derived contracting factor | ||||
| EDI | ethylene diisothiocyanate | ||||
| EDL | electrode discharge lamp | ||||
| EDTA | ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid | ||||
| 2-EE | 2-ethoxyethanol | ||||
| 2-EEA | 2-ethoxyethyl acetate | ||||
| EEC | European Economic Community; electroencephalograph | ||||
| EEG | electroencephalogram | ||||
| EGF | epidermal growth factor | ||||
| EH | epoxide hydratase | ||||
| EHC | Environmental Health Criteria | ||||
| EI | electron impact | ||||
| EIFAC | European Inland Fisheries Advisory Commission of FAO | ||||
| ELISA | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay | ||||
| EMDI | estimated maximum daily intake | ||||
| EMG | electromyography | ||||
| EMTD | estimated maximum tolerated dose | ||||
| ENG | electroneurography | ||||
| ENL | erythema nodosum leprosum | ||||
| ENU | ethylnitrosourea | ||||
| EP | electrophoresis | ||||
| EPA | Environmental Protection Agency (USA) | ||||
| EPDM | ethylene propylene rubber | ||||
| EPI | exposure/potency index | ||||
| EPS | expandable polystyrene | ||||
| EQC | external quality control | ||||
| EQT | environmental quality target | ||||
| ERL | extraneous residue limit | ||||
| EROD | 7-ethoxyresurofin-o-deethylase | ||||
| ESCA | electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis | ||||
| ESR | erythrocyte sedimentation rate | ||||
| ESRD | end-stage renal disease | ||||
| ETA | electrothermal atomization | ||||
| ETD | ethylene bisthiuram disulfide | ||||
| ETG | epidermal transglutaminase | ||||
| ETU | ethylenethiourea | ||||
| ETV | electrothermal vaporization | ||||
| EU | ethyleneurea | ||||
| F | |||||
| F_0 | parental generation | ||||
| F_1 | filial generation, first | ||||
| F_2 | filial generation, second | ||||
| FAA | flameless atomic absorption | ||||
| FACS | fluorescence activated cell sorter | ||||
| FAD | flavin adenine dinucleotide | ||||
| FCAT | Freund's complete adjuvant test | ||||
| f.c. | Field capacity | ||||
| FD | fluorescence detection | ||||
| FDA | Food and Drug Administration (USA) | ||||
| FEF | forced expiratory flow | ||||
| FEP | free erythrocyte porphyrin | ||||
| FEV | forced expiratory volume | ||||
| fg | femtogram (10^-15 g) | ||||
| FI | flame ionization | ||||
| FID | flame ionization detector | ||||
| FMLP | formyl methionyl leucyl phenylalanine | ||||
| FMN | flavin mononucleotide | ||||
| FOB | functional observational battery | ||||
| FPD | flame photometric detector | ||||
| FR | flame retardant | ||||
| FS | fluorescence spectrophotometry | ||||
| FSC | Food Safety Council (USA) | ||||
| FSD | flame photometric detector selective for sulfur | ||||
| FSH | follicle-stimulating hormone | ||||
| FTIR | Fourier transform infrared | ||||
| FVC | forced vital capacity | ||||
| G | |||||
| GA | gibberillic acid | ||||
| GABA | gamma-aminobutyric acid | ||||
| GAG | glycosaminoglycan | ||||
| GALT | gut-associated lymphoid tissue | ||||
| GAP | good agricultural practice | ||||
| GBM | glomerular basement membrane | ||||
| GC | gas chromatography | ||||
| GC-ECD | gas chromatography with electron capture detector | ||||
| GDH | glutamate dehydrogenase | ||||
| GDMS | glow discharge mass spectrometry | ||||
| GEMS | Global Environmental Monitoring System | ||||
| GESAMP | Group of Experts for the Scientific Aspects of Marine Pollution | ||||
| GFAAS | graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry | ||||
| GFR | glomerular filtration rate | ||||
| GGT | gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase | ||||
| GH | growth hormone | ||||
| GI | gastrointestinal | ||||
| GIFAP | International Group of National Association of
Manufacturers of Agrochemical Products (French Acronym for: Groupement International des Associations Nationales de Fabricants de Produits Agrochimiques) |
||||
| GLC | gas-liquid chromatography | ||||
| GLDH | glutamate dehydrogenase | ||||
| GLP | good laboratory practice | ||||
| cGMP | cyclic guanosine monophosphate | ||||
| GOT | glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase | ||||
| GPC | gel permeation chromatography | ||||
| GPMT | guinea-pig maximization test | ||||
| GPT | glutamic-pyruvic transaminase | ||||
| GS | glutamine synthetase | ||||
| GSH | glutathione-SH | ||||
| GST | glutathione-S-transferase | ||||
| GTB | glomerular tubular balance | ||||
| GV | guidance value | ||||
| GWP | global-warming potential | ||||
| H | |||||
| h | hour(s) | ||||
| ha | hectare | ||||
| Hb | haemoglobin | ||||
| HBCD | hexabromocyclododecane | ||||
| HBDH | hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase | ||||
| H & E | haematoxolin and eosin | ||||
| HCB | hexachlorobenzene | ||||
| HCBD | hexachloro-1,3-butadiene | ||||
| HCFC | hydrochlorofluorocarbon | ||||
| HCFH-22 | chlorodifluoromethane (CHClF_2 ) | ||||
| HCG | human chorionic gonadotropin | ||||
| HCH | hexachlorocyclohexane | ||||
| HDL | high density lipoprotein | ||||
| HDPE | high density polyethylene | ||||
| HEAL | Human Exposure Assessment Location | ||||
| HECD | Hall electron capture detector | ||||
| HEV | high endothelial venule | ||||
| HEX | hexachlorocyclopentadiene | ||||
| HGPRT | hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase | ||||
| HIPS | high impact polystyrene | ||||
| HIV | human immunodeficiency virus | ||||
| HLB | hydrophilic-lipophilic balance | ||||
| HLV | hygienic limit value | ||||
| hnRNA | heterogeneous nuclear RNA | ||||
| HPCA | human progenitor cell antigen | ||||
| HPI | cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboximide | ||||
| HPLC | high-performance liquid chromatography | ||||
| HPTLC | high-performance thin-layer chromatography | ||||
| HQ | hydroquinone | ||||
| HS | headspace | ||||
| HSA | heat-stable antigen; human serum albumin | ||||
| HSG | Health and Safety Guide | ||||
| I | |||||
| IARC | International Agency for Research on Cancer | ||||
| IC | ion chromatography | ||||
| ICAM | intercellular adhesion molecule | ||||
| IC_50 | median inhibitory concentration | ||||
| ICD | International Classification of Diseases | ||||
| ICG | indocyanine green | ||||
| ICP | inductively coupled plasma | ||||
| ICST | isolated cold stress testing | ||||
| i.d. | internal diameter | ||||
| IDMS | isotope dilution mass spectrometry | ||||
| IFN | interferon | ||||
| Ig | immunoglobulin | ||||
| IL | interleukin | ||||
| ILO | International Labour Organisation | ||||
| ILSI | International Life Science Institute | ||||
| im | intramuscular | ||||
| ip | intraperitoneal | ||||
| IPA | isopropylamine | ||||
| IPCS | International Programme on Chemical Safety | ||||
| IQ | intelligence quotient | ||||
| IQC | internal quality control | ||||
| IR | infrared | ||||
| IRPTC | International Register of Potentially Toxic Chemicals | ||||
| ISO | International Organization for Standardization | ||||
| IT | isomeric transition | ||||
| IU | international unit | ||||
| IUPAC | International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry | ||||
| iv | intravenous | ||||
| J | |||||
| JECFA | Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives | ||||
| JMPR | Joint FAO/WHO Meeting on Pesticide Residues | ||||
| K | |||||
| kcal | kilocalorie(s) | ||||
| keV | kiloelectronvolt(s) | ||||
| K_ow | octanol/water partition coefficient | ||||
| L | |||||
| LAP | leucine aminopeptidase | ||||
| LAQL | lowest analytically quantifiable level | ||||
| LC | liquid chromatography | ||||
| LC_50 | median lethal concentration | ||||
| LD_01 | lethal dose for 1% | ||||
| LD_50 | median lethal dose | ||||
| LDH | lactate dehydrogenase | ||||
| LDL | low density lipoprotein | ||||
| LDPE | low density polyethylene | ||||
| LDQ | lowest detectable quantity | ||||
| LEI | lifetime exposure intensity | ||||
| LEV | local exhaust ventilation | ||||
| Lf | limit flocculation | ||||
| LFA | lymphocyte function-related antigen | ||||
| LFP | lavage fluid protein | ||||
| LH | luteinizing hormone | ||||
| LI | labelling index | ||||
| LIF | laser-induced fluorescence; leukaemia inhibitory factor | ||||
| LLD | lowest lethal dose | ||||
| LMS | linear multistage model | ||||
| LMW | low molecular weight | ||||
| LOAEL | lowest-observed-adverse-effect level | ||||
| LOD | limit of determination | ||||
| LOEL | lowest-observed-effect level | ||||
| LRNI | lower reference nutrient intake (UK) | ||||
| LSC | liquid scintillation counter | ||||
| LT_50 | median lethal time | ||||
| LTP | long-term potentiation | ||||
| M | |||||
| MAA | methoxyacetic acid | ||||
| MAC | maximum allowable concentration | ||||
| MAD | maximum allowable deviation | ||||
| MAFF | Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (Japan) | ||||
| MAK | maximum workplace concentration (Maximale Arbeitsplatzkonzentration) | ||||
| MALT | mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue | ||||
| MAM | methylazoxymethanol | ||||
| MAP | mutagenic activity profile | ||||
| MAOI | monoamine oxidase inhibitor | ||||
| MARC | Monitoring and Assessment Research Centre (UK) | ||||
| MARE | monoclonal anti-rat immunoglobulin E | ||||
| MAS | molecular absorption spectrometry | ||||
| MAT | mean absorption time | ||||
| MATC | maximum acceptable toxicant concentration | ||||
| MBC | minimum bactericidal concentration | ||||
| MBDE | mass balance differential equation | ||||
| MBK | methyl n-butyl ketone | ||||
| MBP | monobutyl phthalate | ||||
| MBT | monobutyltin | ||||
| MC | methyl chloroform | ||||
| 3-MC | 3-methylcholanthrene | ||||
| MCD | microcoulometric detection | ||||
| MCH | mean cell haemoglobin | ||||
| MCHC | mean cell haemoglobin concentration | ||||
| mCi | millicurie | ||||
| MCL | melanotic cell lines | ||||
| MCPA | 4-chloro-o-tolyoxyacetic acid | ||||
| MCV | mean cell volume | ||||
| MDA | malondialdehyde | ||||
| MDI | methylene-diphenyl diisocyanate | ||||
| MDMA | methylenedioxymethamphetamine | ||||
| 2-ME | 2-methoxyethanol | ||||
| 2-MEA | 2-methoxyethyl acetate | ||||
| MeB_12 | methylcobalamin | ||||
| MED | minimum effective dose; minimal erythemal dose | ||||
| MEHP | monoethylhexyl phthalate | ||||
| MEK | methyl ethyl ketone | ||||
| mEq | milliequivalent | ||||
| MeV | megaelectronvolt(s) | ||||
| MFO | mixed-function oxidase | ||||
| MHC | major histocompatibility complex | ||||
| MHW | Ministry of Health and Welfare (Japan) | ||||
| MIBK | methyl isobutyl ketone | ||||
| MIC | minimal inhibitory concentration | ||||
| MIT | methylisothiocyanate; monoiodotyrosine | ||||
| MLD | minimum lethal dose | ||||
| MLR | mixed lymphocyte response assay | ||||
| MLSS | mixed liquor suspended solids | ||||
| MMA | methoxyacetic acid | ||||
| MMAD | mass median aerodynamic diameter | ||||
| MMH | monomethylhydrazine | ||||
| mmHg | millimetre(s) of mercury | ||||
| MMMF | man-made mineral fibre | ||||
| MNNG | N-methyl-N -nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine | ||||
| MNU | N-methyl-N-nitrosurea | ||||
| mPa | millipascal (7.5 x 10^-6 mmHg) | ||||
| MPC | maximum permissible limit | ||||
| MQL | minimum quantifiable limit | ||||
| MRBIS | mean running bias index score | ||||
| MRL | maximum residue limit | ||||
| mRNA | messenger RNA | ||||
| MRVIS | Mean Running Variance Index Score | ||||
| MS | mass spectrometry | ||||
| MSD | mass selective detection | ||||
| MSW | municipal solid waste | ||||
| MTBE | methyl tertiary butyl ether | ||||
| MTC | maximum tolerable or acceptable concentration | ||||
| MTD | maximum tolerated dose | ||||
| MTE | mild toxic encephalopathy | ||||
| MTI | N-(hydroxymethyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthalamide | ||||
| NAA | neutron activation analysis | ||||
| NAC | N-acetyl cysteine | ||||
| NAD | nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide | ||||
| NADP | nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate | ||||
| NADPH | reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate | ||||
| NBU | N-nitrosobutylurea | ||||
| NCAM | neural cell adhesion molecule | ||||
| NCI | National Cancer Institute (USA); negative ion chemical ionization | ||||
| NCV | nerve conduction velocity | ||||
| ND | not detectable | ||||
| NDDC | sodium diethyldithiocarbamate | ||||
| NDMA | nitrosodimethylamine | ||||
| NDMC | sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate | ||||
| NEQUAS | National External Quality Assessment Scheme (UK) | ||||
| NFT | neurofibrillary tangle | ||||
| ng | nanogram (10^-9 g) | ||||
| NIOSH | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (USA) | ||||
| NK | natural killer | ||||
| nm | nanometer | ||||
| NMCL | nonmelanolic cell lines | ||||
| NMN | N-methylnicotinamide | ||||
| NMOR | N-nitrosomorpholine | ||||
| NMR | nuclear magnetic resonance | ||||
| NNM | N-nitrosomorpholine | ||||
| NO | nitrogen oxide | ||||
| NOAEL | no-observed-adverse-effect level | ||||
| NOEC | no-observed-effect concentration | ||||
| NOEL | no-observed-effect level | ||||
| NOLC | no-observed lethal concentration | ||||
| NPD | nitrogen-phosphorus sensitive detector | ||||
| NPSH | non-protein sulfhydryl | ||||
| NSAID | non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | ||||
| NSD | nitrogen selective detector | ||||
| NTA | nitrilotriacetic acid | ||||
| NTE | neuropathy target esterase | ||||
| NTEL | no-toxic-effect level | ||||
| NTP | National Toxicology Program (USA) | ||||
| O | |||||
| OCT | ornithine carbamoyltransferase | ||||
| ODC | ornithine decarboxylase | ||||
| ODP | ozone-depletion potential | ||||
| OECD | Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development | ||||
| OEL | occupational exposure limit | ||||
| OER | oxygen enhancement ratio | ||||
| OES | occupational exposure standard; optical emission spectrometry | ||||
| OET | open epicutaneous test | ||||
| OP | organophosphate | ||||
| OPIDN | organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy | ||||
| OR | odds ratio | ||||
| OSC | oil-enhanced suspension concentrate | ||||
| OSHA | Occupational Safety and Health Administration (USA) | ||||
| OVA | ovalbumin | ||||
| OZT | oxazolidinethione | ||||
| P | |||||
| PA | polyamides | ||||
| PAA | photon activation analysis | ||||
| 2-PAM | chloride pralidoxine (2-pyridine aldoxime methyl) chloride | ||||
| PAH | p-aminohippurate; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon | ||||
| PALS | periarteriolar lymphocyte sheath | ||||
| PAN | peroxyacetyl nitrate; polyacrylonitrile | ||||
| PAS | periodic acid Schiff stain | ||||
| PB | phenobarbital | ||||
| PBA | phenoxybenzoic acid | ||||
| PBalc | 3-phenoxybenzyl alcohol | ||||
| PBald | 3-phenoxybenzaldehyde | ||||
| PBB | polybrominated biphenyl | ||||
| PBDD | polybrominated dibenzodioxin | ||||
| PBDE | polybrominated diphenyl ether | ||||
| PBDF | polybrominated dibenzofuran | ||||
| PBI | protein-bound iodine | ||||
| PBPK | physiologically based pharmacokinetics | ||||
| PBT | polybutylene terephthalate | ||||
| PCBD | S-(1,2,3,4,4-pentachloro-1,3-butadienyl) | ||||
| PCDD | polychlorinated dibenzodioxin | ||||
| PCDF | polychlorinated dibenzofuran | ||||
| PCA | para-chloroaniline (4-chloroaniline); passive cutaneous anaphylaxis | ||||
| PCB | polychlorinated biphenyl | ||||
| PCBD | S-(1,2,3,4,4-pentachloro-1,3-butadienyl) | ||||
| PCDD | polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin | ||||
| PCDF | polychlorinated dibenzofuran | ||||
| PCDPE | polychlorinated diphenylether | ||||
| PCE | polychromatic erythrocytes | ||||
| PCOM | phase contrast optical microscopy | ||||
| PCPY | polychlorinated pyrene | ||||
| PCQ | polychlorinated quaterphenyl | ||||
| PCT | porphyria cutanea tarda | ||||
| PCV | packed-cell volume | ||||
| PD | plasma desorption | ||||
| PDG | phosphate-dependent glutaminase | ||||
| PE | polyethylene | ||||
| PEF | peak expiratory flow | ||||
| PEG | pneumoencephalography | ||||
| PEL | permissible exposure limit | ||||
| PET | polyethylene terephthalate | ||||
| PFC | plaque-forming cell | ||||
| pg | picogram (10^-12 g) | ||||
| PG | prostaglandin | ||||
| pH | the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration | ||||
| PHF | paired helical filaments | ||||
| PHS | prostaglandin-H-synthetase | ||||
| PIB | piperonyl butoxide | ||||
| PIC | picrotoxin | ||||
| PID | photo-ionization detection | ||||
| PIXE | proton-induced X-ray emission | ||||
| pKa | the negative logarithm of the dissociation constant | ||||
| PMBA | p-methylbenzyl alcohol | ||||
| PMN | polymorphonuclear leukocyte | ||||
| PMTDI | provisional maximum tolerable daily intake | ||||
| PMR | proportional mortality rate | ||||
| PMSG | pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin | ||||
| PNS | peripheral nervous system | ||||
| pO2 | plasma partial pressure (concentration) of oxygen | ||||
| POCP | photochemical ozone-creation potential | ||||
| PoG | proteoglycan | ||||
| POS | psycho-organic syndrome | ||||
| PP | polypropylene | ||||
| ppb | parts per billion | ||||
| ppm | parts per million | ||||
| ppt | parts per trillion | ||||
| PSD | passive sampling device | ||||
| PSPS | Pesticides Safety Precautions Scheme (United Kingdom) | ||||
| PT | prothrombin time | ||||
| PTH | parathyroid hormone | ||||
| PTT | partial thromboplastin time | ||||
| PTU | propylenethiourea | ||||
| PTWI | provisional tolerable weekly intake | ||||
| PTZ | pentylenetetrazole | ||||
| PVC | polyvinyl chloride | ||||
| PYR | pyrene | ||||
| Q | |||||
| QA | quality assurance | ||||
| QAP | quality assurance programme | ||||
| QC | quality control | ||||
| QSAR | quantitative structure-activity relationship | ||||
| R | |||||
| RACB | reproductive assessment by continuous breeding | ||||
| RAST | radioallergosorbent test | ||||
| RBC | red blood cell | ||||
| RBP | retinal binding protein | ||||
| RDA | recommended dietary allowance (USA) | ||||
| REL | recommended exposure limit | ||||
| RER | rough endoplasmic reticulum | ||||
| RIA | radio-immuno assay | ||||
| RIPT | repeat insult patch test | ||||
| RMA | reflex modification audiometry | ||||
| RNA | ribonucleic acid | ||||
| RNI | reference nutrient intake (UK) | ||||
| ROC | reactive organic carbon | ||||
| RPN | renal papillary necrosis | ||||
| RR | relative risk | ||||
| RTECS | Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances | ||||
| RUBISCO | ribulose 1,5-biphosphate carboxylase | ||||
| S | |||||
| S9 | 9000 x g supernatant | ||||
| SAM | S-adenosylmethionine | ||||
| SAP | serum alkaline phosphatase | ||||
| SAR | structure-activity relationship | ||||
| sc | subcutaneous | ||||
| SC | suspension concentrate | ||||
| SCE | sister chromatid exchange | ||||
| SCF | stem-cell factor | ||||
| SCID | severe combined immunodeficiency | ||||
| SCOPE | Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment of the International Council of Scientific Unions | ||||
| SD | standard deviation | ||||
| SDAT | senile dementia of Alzheimer type | ||||
| SE | standard error | ||||
| SEM | standard error of the mean; scanning electron microscopy | ||||
| SER | smooth endoplasmic reticulum | ||||
| SFC | supercritical fluid chromatography | ||||
| SFS | subjective facial sensation | ||||
| SGOMSEC | Scientific Group on Methodologies for the Safety Evaluation of Chemicals | ||||
| SGOT | serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase | ||||
| SGPT | serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase | ||||
| SHE | Syrian Hamster embryo | ||||
| SIM | selected ion monitoring | ||||
| SIMS | secondary ion mass spectrometry | ||||
| SLE | systemic lupus erythematosus | ||||
| SMA | sequential multiple analyser | ||||
| SMR | standardized mortality ratio | ||||
| SOP | standard operating procedure | ||||
| SPF | specific pathogen free | ||||
| SPM | suspended particulate matter | ||||
| S-PMA | S-phenyl-mercapturic acid | ||||
| SRT | simple reaction time | ||||
| SSB | single strand breaks | ||||
| STEL | short-term exposure limit | ||||
| T | |||||
| t_3 | triiodothyronine | ||||
| t_4 | thyroxine | ||||
| 2,4,5-T | 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid | ||||
| TADI | temporary acceptable daily intake | ||||
| TAN | tropical ataxic neuropathy | ||||
| TAP | trialkyl/aryl phosphate | ||||
| TBBPA | tetrabromobisphenol A | ||||
| TBG | thyroxine-binding globulin | ||||
| TBP | tributyl phosphate | ||||
| TBPP | tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate | ||||
| TBT | tributyltin | ||||
| TBTO | tributyltin oxide | ||||
| TCA | tricarboxylic acid cycle | ||||
| TCD | thermal conductivity detection | ||||
| TCDD | 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin | ||||
| TCDF | 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorinated dibenzofuran | ||||
| TCE | 1,1,1-trichloroethylene | ||||
| TCP | trichlorophenol; tricresyl phosphate | ||||
| TCPP | tris(1-chloro-2-propyl)phosphate | ||||
| TCR | T-cell receptor | ||||
| TDC | thermal conductivity detection | ||||
| TDI | tolerable daily intake; toluene diisocyanate | ||||
| TDLAS | tuneable diode laser absorption spectrometry | ||||
| TEA | tetraethyl ammonium; thermal energy analyser | ||||
| TEAC | tetraethylammonium chloride | ||||
| TEAM | total exposure assessment methodology | ||||
| TEF | toxicity equivalency factor | ||||
| TEPP | tetraethyl-pyrophosphate | ||||
| TGA | thermogravimetric analysis | ||||
| TH | thyroid hormone | ||||
| THF | tetrahydrofolate | ||||
| TI | tolerable intake | ||||
| TLC | thin-layer chromatography | ||||
| TLV | threshold limit value | ||||
| TMCP | tri-meta-cresyl phosphate | ||||
| TMDI | theoretical maximum daily intake | ||||
| TML | tetramethyllead | ||||
| TMRL | temporary maximum residue limit | ||||
| TMT | trimethyltin | ||||
| TNF | tumour necrosis factor | ||||
| TOCP | tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate | ||||
| TOD | total oxygen demand | ||||
| TPA | 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate | ||||
| TPCP | tri-para-cresyl phosphate | ||||
| TPI | 3,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthalimide | ||||
| TPIA | 3,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthalic acid | ||||
| TPN | total parenteral nutrition | ||||
| TPO | thyroid peroxidase | ||||
| TPP | triphenyl phosphate | ||||
| TPTA | triphenyltin acetate | ||||
| TPTH | triphenyltin hydroxide | ||||
| tRNA | transfer ribonucleic acid | ||||
| TRP | tubular reabsorption of phosphate | ||||
| TSH | thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropin) | ||||
| TSP | total suspended particulate | ||||
| TST | temperature sensitivity | ||||
| TT | toxicity threshold | ||||
| TWA | time-weighted average | ||||
| U | |||||
| UCM | urographic contrast medium | ||||
| UCL | upper confidence limit | ||||
| UDP | uridine diphosphate | ||||
| UDPGA | UDP-glucuronic acid | ||||
| UDPGT | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase | ||||
| UDS | unscheduled DNA synthesis | ||||
| UF | uncertainty factor | ||||
| ULV | ultra-low volume | ||||
| UNEP | United Nations Environment Programme | ||||
| UNICEF | United Nations Children's Fund | ||||
| US ATSDR | US Agency for Toxic Substance and Disease Registry | ||||
| UV | ultraviolet | ||||
| UVB | ultraviolet B | ||||
| V | |||||
| VC | vinyl chloride | ||||
| VCAM | vascular cell adhesion molecule | ||||
| VER | visual evoked response | ||||
| VHH | volatile halogenated hydrocarbon | ||||
| VLA | very late antigen | ||||
| VLDL | very low-density lipoproteins | ||||
| VOC | volatile organic carbon compound | ||||
| VSD | virtually safe dose | ||||
| VTR | vibration threshold | ||||
| v/v | volume per volume | ||||
| W | |||||
| WAIS | Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale | ||||
| WBC | white blood cell | ||||
| WG | water-dispersible granule | ||||
| WHO | World Health Organization | ||||
| WISN | warfarin-induced skin necrosis | ||||
| WP | wettable powder | ||||
| w/v | weight per volume | ||||
| X | |||||
| XRF | X-ray-generated atomic fluorescence | ||||
| XRFS | X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy | ||||
| ZPP | zinc protoporphyrin | ||||
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