Resins~1
Library
The Resins of the BP and
BPC
Martindales 24th Edition.
Part 2
Compiled by Ivor Hughes.
Sp. Ammon. Fetid. (B.P.C. 1934) Fetid Spirit of Ammonia. Macerate asafetida 7.5 g. with 75 ml. of alcohol (90%), distil until alcoholic vapours cease to be condensed, add to the distillate strong solution of ammonia 10 ml., and adjust to 1 00 mi. with alcohol (90%). Dose: 4 to 6 ml. (60 to 90 minims) for a single administration; 1.3 to 2.6 ml. (20 to 40 minims) for repeated administration.
Tinct. Asafret. (B.P.C. 1949,
Ind. P.). Asafetida Tincture (U.S.N.F.).
Prepared by macerating asafetida 1 in 5 of alcohol.
B.P.C.
1949 uses alcohol (70%)
U.S.N.F. uses alcohol (95%). Dose: 2 to 4 ml. (30
to 60 minims);
U.S.N.F.
usual dose: 1 ml.
Galbanum (B.P.C. 1934).
Dose: 0.3 to 1 g. (5 to 15 grains).
Foreign Pharmacopeias: In Belg., Egyp., Fr., Ger., Nor., Span., and
Swiss.
A gum-resin obtained from Ferula galbaniflua and probably other species
of Ferula (Umbelliferae) in the form of yellowish-brown, or orange-brown.
rounded or irregular tears, or in agglutinated tears or in lumps. It has an
aromatic odour and a bitter taste. It contains 5 to 20% of volatile oil,
together with resin, gum, moisture, and mineral matter.
Uses. It has been employed as an expectorant
and, in combination with asafetida, as a pill in the treatment of
nervous disorders.
Pil. Galban. Co. (B.P.C.
1934). Compound Pills of
Galbanum; Compound Pills of Asafetida. Each contains galbanum 1 gr.,
asafetida 1 gr., and myrrh 1 gr., massed with syrup of liquid glucose.
Dose: 1 or 2 pills.
Galbanum Oil. Galbani
Essentia (Belg. P.). A
yellowish volatile oil with an aromatic odour, obtained from galbanum
by distillation. Protect from light.
Myrrh (B.P.C.). Myrrha.
Foreign Pharmacopeias: In Belg., Chil., Dan., Egyp., Fr., Ger., Ind.,
Jug., Nor., Span., Swiss, and U.S.
An oleo-gum-resin obtained from the stem of Commiphora molmol and
possibly other species of Commiphora (Burseracere). Reddish-brown or
reddish-yellow tears, with an aromatic odour and bitter, acrid taste. It
contains resin, gum, and 7 to 17% of volatile oil.
Soluble
in water to the extent of about 50%
(forms whitish emulsion on trituration), the remainder being mostly
soluble in alcohol; soluble in alkalis. Store in a cool dry place.
Uses. It is carminative and, during excretion,
mildly expectorant, diaphoretic, and diuretic. It is occasionally used
as an ingredient in mouth washes.
Tinct. Myrrh. et Borac. (B.P.C. 1949) Tincture of Myrrh and Borax. Tincture of myrrh 35
ml., tincture of krameria 3.5 ml., bergamot oil 0.2 ml., lemon oil 0.2
ml., orange oil 0.2 ml., neroli oil 0.1 ml., rosemary oil 0.2 ml.,
borax2.5 g., glycerin 5 ml., alcohol (90%) to 100 ml. It is used as an
astringent mouth-wash and gargle.
Tincture of Myrrh (B.P.C.) Tinct. Myrrh. Prepared by
macerating myrrh 1 in 5 of alcohol. A similar tincture is included in
U.S.N.F. and several foreign pharmacopoeias.
Dose: 2 to 4 ml. (30 to 60 minims).
Myrrh Oil. Myrrhre
Essentia (Belg. P.) A
yellow, greenish-yellow, or brownish-yellow, thick volatile oil,
obtained from myrrh by distillation.
Soluble 1 in 10 of alcohol (90%).
Protect from light.
Prepared Storax (B.P.) Styrax Preparatus; Liquid Storax;
Purified Storax; Balsamum Styrax Liquidus; Styrax Depuratus; Estoraque
Iiquido.
The purified balsam obtained from the trunk of Liquidambar orientalis
(Hamamelidaceae). It is a brown, viscous liquid with an agreeable balsamic
odour and taste. Foreign Pharmacopeias: In Belg., Cz., Egyp., Fr. Ind.
Swed., and Swiss. Span. specifies crude storax. Storax Estoraque of U.S.
and Chil. is crude storax from L.orientalis or L. styraciflua (American
storax).
Soluble
in alcohol, chloroform, carbon
disulphide, and glacial acetic acid; partly soluble in ether.
Uses. It has actions similar to those of balsam
of peru and has been used in the form of an ointment 1 in 4 in
benzoinated lard) in the treatment of scabies and other parasitic skin
diseases.
PROPRIETARY PREPARATION
CONTAINING STORAX
[P2] Storaxol (Parke,Davis). An ointment containing in each oz. storax 9
gr., resorcinol 2 gr., menthol 2 gr., camphor 9 gr., phenol 22 gr., and
precipitated sulphur 87 gr .in a basis of lanolin and soft paraffin. For use
in acne, sycosis, parasitic and fungous skin diseases.
Storax Oil. Styracis
Essentia (Belg. P.). A
clear yellow to dark brown volatile oil obtained from storax by
distillation.
Colophony (B.P.). Coloph.;
Resin; Rosin; Resina Terebinthinre; Colophane.
Foreign Pharmacopeias: In all pharmacopeias examined except Dan. and
U.S., but is in U.S.N.F.
The residue after distilling the oil of turpentine from the oleoresin
obtained from various species of Pinus (Pinaceae). Translucent, yellow or
brownish-yellow, angular, brittle, readily fusible, glassy masses, with a
faint terebinthinate odour and
taste. Insoluble in water;
soluble in alcohol, ether, benzene, carbon
disulphide, and fixed and volatile oils; partly soluble in light
petroleum. It should be
stored in the unground
condition.
Uses. Colophony is used as an ingredient of
ointments and plasters. Before the introduction of rubber-base
adhesive plasters, resin plaster had a wide use as a surgical
protective but is now seldom used except as a base for holding
medicinal agents in contact with the skin, as in Plaster-mass of Lead
with Colophony. Resin ointment and compound resin cerate have been used
as protective and stimulant dressings for blisters and wounds, and resin
ointment is applied as a stimulant to indolent ulcers and boils. Carbolised
resin is used as an obtundent and antiseptic filling for carious cavities of
teeth.
Compound Resin Cerate.
Deshler's Salve. Resin
23, yellow wax 22, prepared suet 30, turpentine oleoresin 12, linseed
oil 13. Melt together the resin, wax, and suet, and add the turpentine
oleoresin and linseed oil ; continue the heat, if necessary, until the
mixture is liquefied, strain and stir until it congeals.
Heusner's Glue. Resin
(commercial) 50, Venice turpentine 5, methylated spirit 50, benzene
25. For applying extension in fractures. The following have also been
suggested:
(1)
Dammar 250, castor or linseed oil
30, benzene 700, sodium bicarbonate 50, amyl acetate a few drops. (2)
Colophony 300, Venice turpentine 20, castor or linseed
oil 10, benzene 700, sodium bicarbonate 60, amyl acetate a few drops.
Ointment of Colophony (B.P.C.) Resin Ointment; Yellow Basilicon
Ointment.
Colophony 26 g., yellow beeswax 26 g., olive oil 26 g., and lard 22 g.
Guaiacum Wood (B.P.C. 1949). Guaiac. Lign.; Lignum Vitre; Bois de Guaiac;
Guajakholz. .
Foreign Pharmaeopmias: In Ger. Nor. and Swiss.
The heartwood of Guaiacum officinale and of G. sanctum (Zygophyllaceae)
containing 18 to 25% of guaiacum resin. Uses. It is used as a source of
guaiacum resin and as an ingredient of compound decoction pf
sarsaparilla.
Guaiacum Resin (B.P.C. 1949) Guaiac. Res.; Guaiac; Guaiac Resin; Guaiacum;
Guajakharz.
Dose: 0.3 to 1 g. (5 to 15 grains).
Foreign Pharmacopeias: In Belg., Cz., Egyp.,Jug., and Swiss. Also in
U.S.N.F.
The resin of guaiacum wood. Rounded tears, often covered with a green
powder, with an aromatic odour when warmed and a slightly acrid taste.
Soluble almost completely in alcohol, chloroform, ether, solutions of
caustic alkalis and of chloral hydrate, and in sal volatile.
Protect from light and moisture.
Uses. It is diaphoretic, diuretic, and slightly
laxative. It has been used in subacute and chronic rheumatism and in
inflammatory conditions of the pharynx and tonsils associated with
these affections. Combined with purgatives it has been used in gout.
Conf. Guaiac. Co. (B.P.C.
1949)
Compound Confection of Guaiacum; Chelsea Pensioner. Guaiacum resin 1 g.
rhubarb 2 g. sublimed sulphur 14.5 g. potassium acid tartrate 7.5 g., nutmeg
1 g., purified honey 74 g. Dose: 4 to 8 g. (60 to 120 grains).
Tinct. Guaiac. (B.P.C.
1934).
Tincture of Guaiacum. 1 in 5 of guaiacum resin; prepared by macerating
with alcohol (90%) for 48 hours and filtering. Dose: 2 to 4 ml. (30 to 60
minims).
Tinct. Guaiac. Ammon. (B.P.C.
1949). Ammoniated
Tincture of Guaiacum.
Macerate guaiacum resin 20 g. with strong solution of ammonia 7.5 ml. and
alcohol (90%) 70 ml. for 48 hours; filter, and dissolve in the filtrate
nutmeg oil 0.3 ml. and lemon oil 0.2 ml. ; pour sufficient alcohol
(90%) through the filter to produce 100 mI.
Dose: 2 to 4 ml. (30 to 60 minims). In
mixtures, the resin should be suspended with 1 in 8 of mucilage of
tragacanth, mucilage of acacia, or a mixture of both.
Troch. Guaiac. Res. (B.P.C.
1949) Lozenges of
Guaiacum Resin. Each contains guaiacum resin 3 gr. in fruit basis.
Shellac (B.P.C.) Lacca; Lacca in Tabulis.
Foreign Pharmacopeias: In Dan., Hung. and Span.
A resinous substance formed by a scale insect, Laccifer lacca (Coccidae)
which lives on the sap of the stems of various plants. Pale lemon-yellow to
brownish-orange, odourless, tasteless scales.
Insoluble in water; readily soluble in warm alcohol; almost completely
soluble in alkali hydroxide solutions; and borax solutions. Shellac is
used with cetostearyl alcohol as an enteric coating for pills and
tablets.
Vernix Enterosolubilis (Dan. P.). Vanillin 250 mg.,
terpineol 2.35 g., monolein 3.5 g., shellac 23.5 g., ether 33 .4g., and
methyl alcohol 37 g.
Mastic (B.P.C.). Mastiche; Mastix; Almaciga.
Foreign Pharmacopeias: In Belg. Cz. Dan. Ger. Hung. Jug. Nor. Span. Swed.
Swiss. Also in U.S.N.F.
A resinous exudation from certain forms or varieties of Pistacia
lentiscus (Anacardiaceae). Small, hard, yellowish tears with an aromatic
odour and agreeable taste, becoming plastic when chewed.
M.p.
105 to 120 C.
Insoluble in water;
partly soluble in alcohol and turpentine oil; soluble 2
in 1 of ether, 2 in 1 of chloroform, and in acetone and benzene. Use. Solutions of mastic in alcohol, ether, or chloroform,
are used, applied on cotton wool, as temporary fillings for carious
teeth, and Compound Paint of Mastic is used as a protective covering
for wounds and to hold gauze and radium needles in position.
Compound Paint of Mastic (B.P.C.) Pig. Mastich. Co.
Benzo-mastic; Mastic Solution. Mastic 40 g., castor oil 1.25 ml., benzene
to 100 ml. Store in a cool place. Several foreign
pharmacopreias include similar preparations, usually containing about
30% of mastic and with 1 to 2% of linseed oil instead of castor oil.
WOUND DRESSING. The temporary first-aid bandage, if any,
is removed and the wound, even if blood-smeared, is painted
immediately with a sufficient covering of the paint and then a
dressing is applied. Slight injuries may have a layer of sterile gauze
first to draw off the wound secretion.
Microscopic Varnish.
Mastic 1/2 oz., caoutchouc 15 gr., chloroform 2 oz. macerate and
filter.
Tinct. Ammon. Co. (B.P.C. 1934). Compound Tincture of Ammonia; Eau de Luce.
Mastic 1.25 g., alcohol (90%) 5.5 ml., lavender
oil 0.15 ml., strong aolution of ammonia to 100 ml. Applied topically
for the relief of insect bites.
PROPRIETARY PREPARATION
CONTAINING MASTIC.
Benzo-Mastiche (Martindale: Savory & Moore). A brand of Compound Paint
of Mastic.
Sandarac (B.P.C. 1949,
Dan. P.) Sandaraca; Gum
Juniper.
A resin obtained by incision of the stem of Tetraclinis articulata (Cupressaceae).
Brittle, pale yellow tears, which do not agglomerate when chewed, with
a slightly terebinthinate odour and taste. M.p. 130
to 160 C. Insoluble in water;
soluble in alcohol, amyl alcohol, and
ether; partly soluble in chloroform, carbon disulphide, and turpentine
oil.
Use;
Sandarac is used in alcoholic
solution, 2 parts of the resin and 1 of alcohol (90%), on cotton wool,
as a temporary filling for carious teeth. It is also used for the
preparation of pill varnishes, and as an ingredient of industrial
varnishes.
Pill Varnish. A solution of sandarac I in 2 of alcohol
(95%) or, for quicker drying, sandarac 1 in a mixture of alcohol (95%)
1 and ether 1. About 5 to 8 drops are sufficient to coat one dozen
5-grain pills.
Vernix Sandaraca (Dan. P.) Sandarac Varnish. Sandarac 20% w/w
in dehydrated alcohol.
