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Chapter/Module 1.
First Things First -
The Growers Index
of Possibilities - Processing Options -
Economic Yield and Land Area -
Chemo-Culture, Liebig's Legacy -
Market Scope -
The Process -
The Technology
- Product Formulation -
Market Research -
Crop Yields and Economic Potential
-
Drying Ratios -
Average Yield by Specie
- Planting Distances for Selected Species -
Planting Distances -
Plants per
Hectare - Conversion Data -
Plantation Establishment -
Seed Data -
Propagation and Cultivation Hints
Chapter/Module 2.
Harvesting and Dehydration Schedules -
Climatic Factors -
Temperature -
Light Intensity and Duration -
Water Requirements -
Wind Shelter -
Latitude, Longitude and
Altitude - Harvesting Schedule -
Harvesting for Quality -
Harvesting the
Root - Harvesting the Leaf -
Harvesting Whole Herb Above Ground -
Harvesting
the Flower - Harvesting the Seed -
Harvesting Bark -
Harvesting of Non
Standard Parts - Post Harvest Procedures -
The root -
Leaf -
The Whole Herb
- The Flower -
General Points -
Provision of Drying Surface -
The
Dehydration Schedule.
Chapter/Module 3.
Dehydration -
The Benefits of Dehydration -
The Aim Of Dehydration -
The
Living Herb - Photosynthesis -
Primary and Secondary Compounds - Metabolic
Pathways - General Plant Metabolism -
Enzymes, the Plant Alchemists -
Dehydration Times and Temperatures -
Dehydration Target Times -
Dehydration,
Basic Information - Dehydration, the Root or Rhizome -
Dehydration, the Leaf and Stalk
- Dehydration, The Flower
The
dehydration Climate -
Climatic and Dehydrator Conditions
- Dehydration Factors -
Sun and Shade Drying -
Microwave Drying -
Belt and
Flash Drying - Freeze Drying
- Convection Drying -
Solar Drying -
Desiccants
and Ambient Humidity - Air as Drying Medium.
Chapter/Module 4.
Introduction to Dehydration Principles and Practice
- Fundamental Concepts -
The Theory of Matter -
The Atom -
The
Heart of the Matter - Elements -
Compounds -
Mixtures - Physical and Chemical Processes -
Atoms Molecules Elements and Energy
- Three Physical States of Matter -
Solids - Liquids -
Vapors -
Measurements -
The Metric System -
Number Powers
and Indices - The Negative Index or Power -
Multiplying By Power -
The
International System of Units - Physical or Base Quantities -
SI Base
Qualities and Units - Selected Derived Units SI System -
Conversion Factors -
Miscellaneous Factors -
Macroscopic and Microscopic Quantities -
Work -
Power -
Energy -
Thermodynamics -
Heat and Temperature -
Heat Energy -
Specific Heat Capacity -
Specific Heat Capacities and Densities Table -
Density and Relative Density -
Heat Transfer -
Thermometers and Temperature
- Temperature Scales -
Comparison of Temperature Scales -
Energy and Change
of State - Sensible Heat -
Heat and Change of State -
Enthalpy - Temperature
- Change of State - Atmospheric Pressure -
Vapor Pressure -
The Effect of
Increased Pressure - The Effect of Reduced Pressure -
The Measurement of
Pressure - Torricelli's Barometer -
Boiling Points and Partial Vacuum -
The
Physics of the Atmosphere and Psychrometry -
Field Condition Temperatures -
Air and Water Vapor -
Saturation and Relative Humidity -
Dew Point -
The Wet
and Dry Bulb Thermometer - The Wet Bulb Thermometer
- The Earth and
Dehydrator Climate - Reading the Psychometric Chart -
Reading the Chart -
Herbal Psychrometric Chart - Dehydration Terms Selected Glossary.
Chapter/Module
5.
The
Practical Application of the Theoretical Principles - Standard Values -
Heat and Air Convection -
Air Convection -
Typical Drying
Shed - Types of Air Convection -
The single Fan System -
The Balanced
System - Air Movement -
Types of Fans -
Factors in Fan Selection -
The
Production of Heated Air - Fuel Energy Politics -
High and Low Grade Energy -
Combustion and Fuel Values -
Fuel Energy Values -
Solar Energy -
The Solar
Constant - Solar Energy as
Sole Heat Source - Conversion Systems -
Conversion Systems and Global
Warming - Dehydration and Solar Energy
- Biomass Conversion to Energy -
Net
Eco-System Productivity - Components of a Dehydrator -
The Gravity Stack -
The Horizontal Stack -
The Tunnel Dryer -
Air Heating Components -
The
Hybrid System -
The Solar Panel -
A Wood Burning Furnace -
Calculation of
Fuel Needed - Thermal Conductivity -
Thermal Conductivity Average Values -
Fuel and Dehydrator Efficiency -
Estimating Dehydration Capacity -
Selection
of Dehydration Method - Calculating Energy Requirements -
Enthalpy of
Evaporation - The Heat Calculation
- Calculation of Air Volume -
Variation in
Air Volume - Estimating Fan Power -
The Owner Built Dehydrator -
Putting it
all Together - Specifications and Construction - Hybrid Forced Draught
Tunnel Dryer - Construction Notes -
Hygrometer Mounting -
Operation of the
Dehydrator Air Flow Vents - Constant Rate Air Flow Pattern -
Falling Rate
Air Flow Pattern - Cooling and Conditioning Air Flow Pattern -
Commissioning
the Dehydrator - Preparation for the Drying Trials -
The Drying Trial -
Hygrometer Data -
Storage and Fumigation -
Preparations for Further
Processing - Size Reduction -
Methods of Size Reduction -
The Hammer Mill -
Sieving or Screening -
Standard Sieves -
Farm Sieves.
Chapter/Module 6.
Measurements -
Average Uncertainty Factors -
Glassware -
Standard Joints -
Construction Points for Small Scale Plant -
Heavy Metals
- Distillation Train -
The Heat Source -
Temperature Regulation -
A Simple
Water Bath - Larger Scale Evaporating Water Bath -
The Condenser Multi tube
and Coil Type - Condenser Efficiency -
Condenser Capacity -
Steam Data -
Thermal Conductivity of a Spiral Coil -
Distillation Techniques -
Product
Boiling Points - Alcohols -
Vapor Composition -
Fractional Distillation -
Industrial Fractional Distillation
- Small Scale Fractional
Distillation - Distillation in Steam -
A Domestic
Still - Distillation under Reduced Pressure
- Reduced Pressure -
Safety
Precautions - A Simple Vacuum Pump and Manometer -
Vapor Pressure of Water -
The Water Jet Vacuum Pump -
The Manometer -
Production Scale Equipment -
Multi purpose Still -
Notes to Multi Purpose Still -
Sublimation and
Distillation of Solids - Sublimation of the Benzoic Acid.
Chapter/Module 7.
Valence
Electrons and Bonding - The Electronic Theory of Valence -
The Noble Gases -
Double Covalent Bonds -
Polar and Non polar Covalent Bonds -
The Hydrogen
Bond - Valence and Organic Chemistry -
The Elements of Life -
Symbols and
Formulae - Molecular Formulae �
Isomers - Structural Formulae -
Organic
Chemistry and Carbon Compounds - Organic Chemistry and Vitalism -
Characteristics of Carbon Compounds -
Carbon and Carbon Compounds -
Carbon
Bonds - The Classification of Carbon Compounds -
Functional Groups -
Compounds with 1 Carbon and Oxygen bond
- Compounds with
2 Oxygen bonds - Compounds with 3 Oxygen bonds
- Nitrogen containing Compounds -
Sulphur containing Compounds -
Simple Chemical Reactions -
Addition Reactions -
Combination Reactions -
Decomposition Reaction -
Single
Replacement Reaction - Double Replacement Reactions -
Stereo Chemistry -
Structural Representation -
Molecules and Mirrors �
Enantiomers -
The �R'
and �S' Convention - Optical Activity -
Polarized Light -
The Polarimeter -
The Racemate -
Chirality and Biological Systems -
Chirality and Synthetic
Drugs - Lethal Racemates -
The Herb as Manufacturing Chemist -
Acids, Bases
and Salts - Acids, Bases and Alkalis -
Buffer Action -
Acidity and Alkalinity
- The pH Scale -
Chemical Analysis -
Quantitative Chemistry -
The Mole and
Avogadro Constant - Molar Solutions �
Density -
Relative Density -
Temperature and SG -
Percentage Solutions -
Percentage Formulae -
Percentage
Composition - Proportions and Ratios
- Decimal Numbers and Fractions -
Reading the Decimal Numbers -
Multiplying and Dividing Decimal
Numbers - Changing Percentages to Decimal Fractions -
Changing Decimal
Fractions to Percentages - Changing Percentages to Common Fractions -
Changing Percentages to Ratios -
Changing Ratio to Percent.
Chapter/Module 8. The
Materia Medica -
Pharmacognosy -
Pharmacology -
Toxicology -
Posology -
Herbal Pharmacy -
The Raw Materia Medica -
Crude Vegetable Drugs -
Crude Drugs -
Natural Exudations
Evaluation of Crude Drugs -
Organoleptic Assessment -
Microscopic Assessment
- Chemical and Physical Testing
- Herbal Constituents -
Chemical Assay -
Biological Standardization -
Physical Standardization -
Arbitrary
Standardization -
Herbal Constituents -
Solubilities in Alcohol and Water �
Alkaloids -
Anthraquinone Derivatives (Emodins) -
Albumins and Globulins -
Chlorophyll -
Cellulose and Lignin -
Fixed Oils -Flavonoids
- Glycosides -
Gum
Mucilage - Resins -
The true resins -
Oleo-resins and Balsams -
The Gum resins -
Starch -
Tannins -
Volatile Oils -
Waxes -
Solvents used for Extraction Purposes -
Basic
Chemical Reactions - Incompatibilities -
Chemical Incompatibilities -
Pharmaceutic Incompatibility -
Physical Incompatibility -
Therapeutic
Incompatibility - Solvents used for Herbal Preparations -
Solvents and Their
General Properties -
Vinegar and Acetic Acid -
Cider Apple Vinegar -
Glucose
Vinegar - Distilled (Spirit) Vinegar -
Malt Vinegar -
Wine (Grape) Vinegar -
Acetic Acid (Acidum Aceticum) Description and Physical Properties -
Diluted
Acetic Acid - Acetic Acid as a Solvent -
Glycerine (Glycerol) -
Water -
Classes of Water -
Rain Water -
Reservoir and Lake Water
- River Water -
Spring Water -
Artesian Wells -
Distilled Water -
Alcohol -
Absolute Alcohol -
Dehydrated Alcohol -
Rectified Spirit -
Diluted Alcohol -
Types of Alcohol -
Alcohol by Fermentation -
Alcohol as Solvent
- Combination Solvents -
Factors Affecting Solubility -
Temperature -
The
nature of the Solvent - Surface Area
- General Points -
General Table of Solubilities -
The Exudates -
Fixed Oils and Fats -
Common Properties -
Gums
and Resins - Methods of Preparation -
The Gums -
The Waxes -
Preparations of
Crude Drugs - Efficacy
- Contamination -
Spoilage -
Routes and Preparations -
Description of Preparations -
Classification of Crude Drugs -
Morphology and
Histology - Taxonomic Classification -
Kingdom Plantae -
Chemical Taxonomy -
Classification by Pharmacological Activity -
Polypharmacy -
Manifestations
of Polypharmacy - Corruption of the Work -
In Pursuit of the Prefect Reagent -
Scientific Biological Assay -
The Legal
Position.
Chapter/Module 9.
Introduction to the Pharmacy of Herbs -
Manufacturing the Solvents and
Carriers - Alcohol -
Fermentation - Yeast Strains -
Yeast Ecology -
Yeast
Food - Yeast Respiration -
Environmental Acidity -
Fermentation Temperature -
The Fermentation Substrata -
Sugar and Starch -
Glucose and Fructose -
Sucrose - Starch -
Yeast, Enzymes and Alcohol -
Sugar and Alcohol in Solution -
The
Hydrometer - Relationship of Density Scales -
SG and Weight Volume
Relationships - Using The Tables - Preparation of Fermentation Liquids -
Factors that Influence
Fermentation - The Hydrometer and Fermentation Liquids -
The Preparation and
Use of Invert Sugar - Syruping the Fermentation Liquid -
When to Syrup -
Secondary and Tertiary Fermentation
- Culturing the Yeasts -
Fermentation Air
Locks - Sterilization -
Summary of Fermentation Processes -
Fermentation
Products - Maintaining a Yeast Strain -
Distillation of Alcohol -
Distillation
and Rectification of Alcohol - SG and Alcohol Strength -
The Official Dilute
Alcohols - Preparing the Dilute Alcohols -
Distilled Water -
Preparation of
Distilled Water.
Chapter/Module 10.
The
Extractions - Types of Extract -
Extraction Procedure -
Authentication of
Crude Drugs - Sampling of Crude Drugs -
Original Packs and Re-packs -
Sampling Small Packs -The Representative and Official Samples -
The Physical
Examination of Samples - Other Test Procedures -
Analytic Protocols -
The
Tests - Crude Reagent Tests -
Simple Tests for Alkaloids -
Testing for
Glycosides - Principles of Size Reduction -
Extraction Process -
Infusions -
Concentrated Infusions -
The British Herbal Pharmacopoeia
- Choosing an
Appropriate Extraction Process - Extracting by Maceration -
Tinctures by
Maceration - Tinctures from Un-organized Drugs -
Summary of Maceration Processes -
The Un-organized Drug
- Concentrated Preparations -
Drug Menstruum Ratios -
Homoeopathic Mother
Tinctures - Hahnemann -
The Problem for Homoeopathy -
The Potencies Problem
- The Potencies and Molecular Memory -
Serial Dilution and
Information transfer - Terminology and Methodology of Serial Dilution -
Succussion the Mechanics -
Dilution Mechanics and Problems -
The Decimal Scale
- The Korsakoff Potencies -
High Potencies -
The Plant Juices -
Tinctures
from Fresh Plants - The Extracts -
Percolation Method -
Percolation
Apparatus Reserve Percolate Method -
Soft and Dry Extracts -
Soft Extracts -
Dry Extracts -
Scales and Granules -
Supplementary Procedures
- Continuous Hot Extraction -
Alternative Extraction Apparatus
- Essential or
Volatile oils - Occurrence and nature -
Odour extraction -
Maceration and
Enfleurage - Maceration method -
Enfleurage Method -
Preparation of
enfleurage plates - Extraction by pressure -
Extraction by volatile liquids.
Chapter/Module 11.
Compounding -
Classification of Compound Remedies -
The Simplex -
The
Compound - The Compound Remedy -
Shelf Life of a Remedy -
Climatic
Temperature Range - Integrity of the Remedy
- The Standardised Remedy -
Posology -
Clark's Rule -
Young's Rule -
The Eclectic Rule -
The Surface
Area Rule - Comments on Posology -
Remedies in Liquid Form -
Emulsions -
Solutions -
Suspensions -
The Emulsions -
Types of Emulsions -
The Theory of
Emulsification - Anionic Emulsifiers -
Cationic Emulsifiers -
Non Ionizing
molecules - The Natural Colloids -
Gums - Mucilages -
Proteins -
Waxes - The
Fixed Oils and Fats - The Alcohols - Structural Examples -
Solutions -
Elixirs -
Syrups -
Tinctures -
Solubility -
True and Colloid Solutions -
Dispersions and Suspensions -
Manufacturing Emulsions - Light Creams and
Ointments - Balm -
Salve -
Cream -
Methodology for Lotions and Creams
- The Ointments (Unguentum) -
Animal fats
- Insect exudations -
Vegetable exudations -
Mineral Oils and Wax
- Synthetics -
Methodology of Preparation -
Adding the Medicament -
Ointment Posology -
Useful Formulae -
Pessaries - Suppositories - Bougies -
Salve
Sticks - Capsules - Pills - Tablets -
Enteric Coated Capsules -
Coating the
Capsules - By Rotation -
By Spraying -
Pills and Pill Mass -
Tablets ( Tabellae ) -
Moulded Tablets -
Compressed Tablets -
Tablet Disintegration Test
- Lozenges or Troches -
A Simple Moulded Lozenge Base -
Lozenges with a Flavoured Base -
Simple Flavouring Syrup -
Elixirs (Elixeria) -
The
Insufflations ( Snuff ) - The Inhalants -
Homeopathic Preparations -
Triturations.
Chapter/Module
12. Introduction to Spagyric or Plant Alchemy -
The Philosophical Elements -
The Philosophical Principles -
Metal and Mineral Transmutation -
Biological Transmutations -
Circadian Rhythms -
Astrology and Circadian Rhythms -
Hermetic Philosophy and Astrology -
Man as Microcosm -
The Hermetic Hypothesis and Scientific Corroboration -
The Earths magnetosphere -
The Solar Heartbeat -
Diamagnetic -
Paramagnetic -
Ferromagnetic -
The Moon as Magnetic Modulator -
Electromagnetic Induction -
Solar Eclipse and the Saros Cycle -
Astrology as the basis of Spagyric Work -
Herbs and the Seven Inner Planets -
Herbs and the Constellations -
The Zodiac and Spagyric Operations -
The Spagyric Extracts -
Spagyric Solvents -
Water -
Alcohol -
Spagyric Maceration -
Recovery of Soluble Salts from the Marc -
Exaltation or Circulation -
The Soluble Salts -The Salts -
The Tissue Salts -
Filtration.
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