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Aponeurosis: expanded tendon for the attachment of a flat muscle.. |
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Artery (a.): a vessel carrying blood from the heart through the body. | |||
Articulation: connection between bones. | |||
Autonomic nervous system: for the innervation of smooth muscle, heart muscle, and glands, consisting of a craniosacral (parasympathetic) and thoracolumbar (sympathetic) portion. | |||
Belly: fleshy part of a muscle. |
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Body: broadest or longest mass of a bone. | |||
Bone: inflexible structure composing skeleton. | |||
Capillary: anatomic units connecting the arterial and venous systems; minute vessels, func�tional units of the circulatory system. |
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Cartilage: substance from which some bone ossifies; gristle. | |||
Cell: the structural and functional body unit. | |||
Central nervous system (C.N.S.): the brain and spinal cord. | |||
Condyle: polished articular surface, usually rounded. | |||
Crest: ridge or border. | |||
Diaphysis: the shaft of a long cylindrical bone.. |
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Eminence: low convexity just perceptible. |
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Endocrine: internal secretion without the use of glandular ducts. | |||
Epicondyle: elevation near and above a condyle. | |||
Epiphyseal plate (line): growth center for elongation of bone, found between shaft and extremities of the bone. | |||
Epiphysis: the extremity or head of a long bone. | |||
Exocrine: secretion discharged by way of a duct system. | |||
Facet: small articular area, often a pit. |
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Fascia: fibrous envelopment of muscle structures and other tissues. | |||
Foramen: hole, perforation. | |||
Fossa: shallow depression. | |||
Ganglion: group of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system. |
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Head: enlarged round end of a long bone; knob. |
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Insertion: relatively movable part of a muscle attachment. |
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Joint: connection between bones. |
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Ligament: fibrous tissue binding bones together or holding tendons and muscles in place. |
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Lymph vessels: like veins but walls are thinner and valves more numerous; drain tissue spaces. | |||
Mesentery: a double layer of peritoneum (mesothelium), usually supporting organs. |
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Muscle (m.): contractile organ capable of producing movement. | |||
Neck: constriction of a bone near head. |
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Nerve (n.): a group of fibers outside the central nervous system. | |||
Neuron: nerve cell body plus its processes. | |||
Nucleus: group of nerve cell bodies within the central nervous system. | |||
Omentum: a fold of peritoneum connecting abdominal viscera with the stomach. |
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Organ: 2 or more tissues grouped together to perform a highly specialized function. | |||
Origin: relatively fixed part of a muscle attachment. | |||
Peripheral nervous system (P.N.S.): cerebrospinal nerves and the peripheral parts of the autonomic nervous system. |
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Process: projection (can be grasped with fingers). | |||
Protuberance: a swelling (can be felt under fingers). | |||
Ramus: plate like branch of a bone; branch of a vessel or nerve. |
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Ramus communicans: a nerve branch from the anterior root of a spinal nerve to the sympa�thetic chain of ganglia; white-nerve to chain; gray-chain back to spinal nerve. | |||
Shaft: body of a long bone. |
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Sheath: protective covering. | |||
Spine: pointed projection or sharp ridge. | |||
Suture: interlocking of teeth like edges. | |||
Symphysis: union of right and left sides in the midline. | |||
System: group of organs acting together to perform a highly complex but specialized function, such as nervous, skeletal, muscular, circulatory, respiratory, digestive, urinary, endocrine, and reproductive. | |||
Tendon: fibrous tissue securing a muscle to its attachment. |
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Tissue: differentiation and specialization of groups of cells bound together to perform a special function, e.g., epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous. | |||
Trochanter: 1 or 2 processes on the upper part of the femur below neck. | |||
Trochlea: spool-shaped articular surface. | |||
Tubercle: small bump (can be felt under finger). | |||
Tuberosity: large and conspicuous bump. | |||
Vein (v): a vessel returning blood to the heart. |
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Anatomical Terms of Direction and Movement. |
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Abduction (abd.): draws away from midline. | |||
Adduction (add.): draws toward the midline. Anatomic position: standing erect with arms at the sides and palms of the hands turned forward. | |||
Anterior (ant.) or ventral (vent.): situated before or in front | |||
Corrugator: that which wrinkles skin, draws skin in. |
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Deep: farther from the surface (in a solid form). |
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Depressor: that which lowers. | |||
Distal (dist.): farther from the root. | |||
Dorsal (dors.): toward the rear, back; also back of hand and top of foot. | |||
Erector: that which draws upward. |
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Evert (ever.): turn outward (as foot at ankle joint). | |||
Extension (ext.): straightening. | |||
External (extern.): outside, refers to wall of cavity or hollow form). | |||
Flexion (flex.): bending or angulation. |
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Frontal (front.) or coronal (coron.): vertical; at right angles to sagittal; divides body into anterior and posterior parts | |||
Horizontal (horiz.): at right angles to vertical. |
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Inferior (inf.): lower, farther from crown of head. |
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Internal (int.): inside (refers to wall of cavity or hollow form). | |||
Inverted (invert.): turned inward (as foot at ankle joint). | |||
Lateral (lat.): .): farther from midline (or center plane). |
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Levator (lev.): that which raises. | |||
Longitudinal (longit.): refers to long axis. | |||
Medial (med.): nearer to midline (or center plane). |
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Median: midway, being in the middle | |||
Midline: divides body into a right and left side. | |||
Midsagittal: vertical plane at midline dividing body into right and left halves | |||
Palmar (palm.) or volar (vol.): palm side of hand |
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Plantar (plant.): sole side of foot | |||
Posterior (post.) or dorsal (dors.): rear or back | |||
Pronator (pronat.): that which turns palm of hand downward. | |||
Prone: forearm and hand turned palm side down; body lying face down. | |||
Proximal (prox.): nearer to limb root. | |||
Rotator (rotat.): that which causes to revolve |
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Sagittal (sagit.): vertical plane or section dividing body into right and left portions. |
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Sphincter: that which regulates closing of aperture. | |||
Superficial (superf.): nearer to surface (refers to solid form). | |||
Superior (sup.): upper, nearer to crown of head. | |||
Supinator (supinat.): that which turns palm of hand upward. | |||
Supine: forearm and hand turned palm side up; body lying face up. | |||
Tensor (tens.): that which draws tight |
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Transverse (trans.): at right angles to long axis; body divided into upper and lower parts. | |||
Ventral (vent.) or anterior (ant.): situated before or in front of. | |||
Vertical (vert.): refers to long axis in erect position. | |||
Volar (vol.) or palmar (palm.): palm side of hand. | |||
Library
Anatomic Images
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