| Rose Oil (B.P.C. 1949). Ol. Ros.; Otto or Attar of Rose. |
| An oil obtained by distillation from the fresh flowers of the damask rose, Rosa damascena (Rosaceae). |
| Foreign Pharmacopeias: In Belg., Chil., Dan., Egyp., Fr., Ger., Jap., Nor., Span., Swiss, and U.S. |
| Chil. And Ger. Allow the oil of various species: Dan., Nor., and Swiss the oil of R. damascena or R. gallica; Egyp., Jap., Span., and U.S. the oil of R. damascena, R. alba, R. centifolia, R. gallica and varieties of these species. |
| A pale yellow semi-solid crystalline mass at ordinary temperatures with a strong characteristic fragrant odour and a slightly sweet mild taste. The principal constituents are geraniol and citronellol. Wt per ml., at 30 , 0-82 to 0-862 g. It yields turbid solutions with alcohol. |
| Uses. It is largely employed in perfumery and is used in lozenges, dentifrices, oiintments, and toilet preparation. |
| Aq. Ros. Conc. (B.P.C. 1949). Concentrated Rose Water. Rose oil 1 ml., alcohol (90 %) 50 ml., water to 100 ml.; shaken with talc and filtered. It is about 40 times as strong as rose water. |
| Rose Basis for Lozenges (B.P.C.). For 100 lozenges: sucrose 100 g., acacia 7 g., rose oil 0-0059 ml., water q.s. |
| Rose Water may be prepared by diluting, immediately before use, 1 vol. of triple rose water with 2 vol. of water or 1 vol. of concentrated rose water with 39 vol. of water |
| Rose Water (U.S.P.) A mixture of equal volumes of Stronger Rose Water and water. |
| Rose Water Ointment (U.S.P.). Spermaceti 12-5 g., white beeswax 12 g., almond oil or persic oil 56 g., borax 500 mg., rose water 5 ml., water 14 ml., and rose oil 0-02 ml. ( to make about 100 g.). It must be free from rancidity and is required to be stored in collapsible tubes which do not interact physically or chemically with the ointment. Petrolatum Rose Water Ointment (U.S.P.) Has the same formula except that the almond or persic oil is replaced by liquid paraffin. |
| Stronger Rose Water (U.S.P.). A saturated solution of the odoriferous principles of the flowers of Rosa Centifolia, prepared by distilling the fresh flowers with waterand separating the excess volatile oil from the clear aqueous portion of the distillate.It must be free from empyreuma, mustiness, and fungous growths, and should be stored in containers which allow a limited access of fresh air. |
| Triple Rose Water is the undiluted rose water of commerce, prepared by distillation from the fresh flowers of R.damascena; it is a saturated aqueous solution of the volatile oil (B.P.C. 1934). |
| Ung. Aq. Ros. (B.P.C. 1949). Ointment of Rose Water; Cold Cream; Galen's Cerate. Rose water 20 ml., white beeswax 18 g., borax 1 g., almond oil 61 g., rose oil 0-1 ml. |
| For discussion on formulation of ointment of rose water, see J. Taylor and G. Groves, Canad. Pharm. J., 1952, 85, 44. |
| Rosemary Oil (B.P.). Oleum Rosmarini; Oleum Roris Marini; Essence de Romarin; Rosemarinol; Esencia de romaro. |
| An oil obtained by distillation from the flowering tops of rosemary, Rosmarinus officinalis (Labiatae), containing not less than 2 % w/w of esters calculated as bornyl acetate, C H O , and not less than 9 % w/w of free alcohols calculated as borneol, C H O. |
| Foreign Pharmacopeias: In Belg., Chil., Cz., Dan., Egyp., Fr., Ger., Hung., Ind., Jug., Mex., Nor., Span., Swed., and Swiss. Also in U.S.N.F. Several, including U.S.N.F. , specify not less than 1-5 % of esters and not less than 8 % of total borneol. |
| A colourless or pale yellow liquid with a characteristic odour and a warm bitter camphoraceous taste. Wt per ml.)-895 to 0-914 g. Soluble 1 in 10 of alcohol (80 %), with slight turbidity, and 1 in 1 of alcohol (90 %). |
| Uses. Rosemary oil is carminative and mildly irritant. It is chiefly used as spirit of rosemary in hair lotions. |
| Sp. Rosmarin (B.P.C. 1949). Spirit of Rosemary. Rosemary oil 10 ml., alcohol (90 %) 100 ml. Dose: 0-3 to 1-2 ml. (5 to 20 minims). |
| Safrole (B.P.C. 1949). Safrol; Synthetic Sassafras Oil. 1=Allyl-3:4-methylenedioxybenzene. C H O == 162.2. |
| Safrole is the chief constituent of sassafras oil but it is mostly obtained from rectified oil of camphor. It is a colourless or yellowish oil with an ordour of sassafras and a sharp taste. Wt per ml. 1-101 to 1-104 g. M.p. not below 11 . F.p. not below 10 . Soluble 1 in 3 of alcohol (90 %) and 1 in 10 of alcohol (80 %); insoluble in water. |
| Uses. Safrole has similar properties to sassafras oil and is used for similar purposes. |
| Sassafras (B.P.C. 1949). Sassaf.; Sassafras Bark. |
| Foreign Pharmacopoeias: In Swiss. Also in U.S.N.F. (Not less than 4 % v/w of volatile oil). |
| The dried inner bark of the root of Sassafras albidum (==S. Officinale; S. varifolium) (Lauraceae) containing not less than 3 % v/w of volatile oil. Store in a cool dry place. It is mildly aromatic and carminative. |
| Sassafras Medulla is the pith from the stem of S. albidum. It forms with water a demulcent mucilage which has been used in eye lotions. |
| Sassafras Oil ( B.P.C.). Ol. Sassaf. |
| An oil distilled from the root or root bark of Sassafras albidum (==S. Officinale; S. variifolium) (Lauraceae) (American oil), or from the wood of certain species of Ocotea (Lauraceae) (Brazilian oil). |
| Foreign Pharmacopeias: In Span. (From S. albidum only). Also in U.S.N.F. (from S. albinum only). |
| A pale yellow, greenish-yellow, or reddish oil with a characteristic odour and an aromatic taste, containing 80 to 90 % of safrole (American Oil) or 85 to 95 % of safrole (Brazilian oil). Wt.per ml. 1-064 to 1-078 g. (American), 1-080 to 1-094 g. (Brazilian) Soluble 1 in 3 of alcohol (90 %) (American) or 1 in 4 of alcohol (90 %) (Brazilian). |
| Uses. Sassafras oil is less useful as a carminative than many other volatile oils and is seldom given internally, although it is sometimes used as a flavouring agent. Large doses cause fatty changes in the liver and kidneys. |
| It has antiseptic and rubefacient properties. It has been used to destroy pediculi but since it may irritate the scalp it should be applied to the hair with a stiff brush, leaving the skin untouched. |
| Syr. Sarsae (Adelaide Child. Hosp.). Imitation Sarsaparilla Flavouring. Sassafras oil 0-05, methyl salicylate 0-03, alcohol (90 %) 5, solution of burnt sugar (1 in 2) 2-5, syrup to 100. |
| Siberian Fir Oil (B.P.C. 1949). Oleum Abietis; Fir Oil; Pine Oil (B.P. 1932 and B.P.C. 1949 synonym). |
| A colourless or pale yellow oil with an agreeable pinaceous odour and a pungent taste, obtained by distillation from the fresh leaes of Abies sibirica (Piaceae). It contains 33 to 45 % w/w of esters, calculated as bornyl acetate, C H O . Wt per ml. 0-900 to 0-920 g. Soluble 1 in 1 of alcohol (90 %). |
| Uses. It has smiilar properties to pumilio pine oil but the latter has a pleasanter odour. |
| Spearmint. Menta Viridis; Mint |
| Dose: 2 to 4 g. (30 to 60 grains). |
| The dried leaves and flowering tops of spearmint, Mentha spicata (==M. Viridis) (Labiatae). |
| Foreign Pharmacopeias: In Hung. Which specifies varieties of M. spicata and M. aquatica. Also in U.S.N.F. which specifies M. spicata and M. cardiaca. |
| Uses. Spearmint resembles peppermint in its properties and is used for similar purposes. |
| Spearmint Oil (B.P.C. Supp.). Ol. Menth. Vir.; Oleum Menthae Crispae. |
| Dose: 0-6 to 0-2 ml. (1 to 3 minims). |
| Foreign Pharmacopeias: In Pol. Also in U.S.N.F. |
| A colourless, pale yellow, or greenish-yellow oil with the characteristic odour of spearmint and a warm and slightly bitter taste, obtained by distillation from fresh flowering spearmint. Mentha spicata, or Scotch mint, M. cardiaca (==M. ArvensisXM. Spicata) (Labiatae). It becomes darker and viscous on keeping. It contains not less than 55 % w/w of carvone. Wt per ml. 0-917 to 0-934 g. Soluble 1 in 1 of alcohol (80 %); the solution may become opalescent on the addition of more alcohol (80 %). |
| 638 |
| Uses. Spearmint oil has similar properties to peppermint oil. It is used as a carminative and as a flavouring agent. |
| Concentrated Spearmint Water (B.P.C. supp.). Aq. Menth. Vir. Conc. Spearmint oil 2 ml., alcohol (90 %) 60 ml., water to 100 ml.; shaken with talc and filtered. Dose: 0-3 to 1 ml. (5 to 15 minims). |
| Thyme (B.P.C. 1949). Thym. Herb.; Rubbed Thyme; Common Thyme; Garden Thyme. |
| The dried leaves and flowering tops of the 'garden thyme', Thymus vulgaris (Labiatae), containing not less than 1 % of volatile oil. It has an agreeable odour and an aromatic, warming taste. Protect from light in a cool dry place. |
| Foreign Pharmacopeias: In Belg., Cz., Dan., Egyp., Fr., Ger., Hung., Nor., Pol., and Swed.; also in U.S.N.F. (Not less than 1-5 % of volatile oil). |
| Jug. and Swiss include the leaves only. |
| Uses. Thyme has antiseptic and carminative properties due to its content of volatile oil. The liquid extract has been used as an ingredient of cough linctuses and of Elixir of Thyme for the treatment of whooping-cough and bronchitis. |
| Elix. Thym. (B.P.C. 1949). Elixir of Thyme, Liquid extract of thyme 7 � m., ammonium bromide 2 gr., water 5 m., spirit of chloroform 5 m., treacle of commerce 10 m., glycerin 7 � m., syrup to 60 m. Dose: 4 to 8 ml. (60 to 120 minims). |
| Ext. Thym. Liq. (B.P.C. 1949). Liquid Extract of Thyme. Thyme 100 g. is exhausted by percolation first with a mixture of alcohol (90 %) 1 vol. and water 3 vol.; the first 85 ml. of percolate is reserved; the remainder of the percolate is evaporated to a soft extract, dissolved in the reserved portion, and diluted to 100 ml. with the second minstruum. Dose: 0-6 to 4 ml. (10 to 60 minims). |
| PROPRIETARY PREPARATIONS OF THYME |
| Silbe Cough Syrup (Silten). A flavoured syrup containing liquid extract of thyme 4 %, thymol 0-012 %, benzoic acid 0-04 %, sodium salicylate 2 %, sodium benzoate 2 %, anisated solution of ammonia 2 %, liquid extract of liquorice 12 %, and sucrose 10%. For bronchitis, phryngitis, tracheitis, bronchial pneumonia and whooping cough. Dose: children � to 1 teaspoonful, adults 1 teaspoonful every 3 to 4 hours, preferably undiluted. |
| Thymomellis (Hewlett). Asyrup containing liquid extract of thyme 4 m., bromoform � m., glycerin 40 m., chloroform 3 m., purified honey to 1 fl. oz. For bronchitis and whooping-cough. Dose: children 30 to 60 minims, adults 120 to 240 minims, every 2 or 3 hours. |
| Thymotussin (Oppenheimer). A cough syrup prepared from the fresh green herb of various species of Thymus, with bromoform, honey, an daromatics. Dose: 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls. Thymephrin. Thymotussin with the addition of ephedrine hydrochloride 1/4 gr. per 60 |
| Thyme Oil (B.P.C. 1949). Ol. Thym.; Esencia de tomillo. |
| Dose: 0-06 to 0-3 ml. (1 to 5 minims). |
| A yellow or dark, reddish-brown liquid with a strong pleasant odour and a biting, persistant, cooling taste, obtained by distillation from the leaves and flowering tops of Thymus vulgaris and other species of Thymus and of species of Origanum (Labiatae). It contains not less than 40 % v/v of phenols (thymol and carvacrol). Wt per ml. 0-900 to 0-955 g. Soluble 1 in 2 of alcohol (80 %). |
| Foreign Pharmacopeias: In Chil., Dan., Fr., Ger., Hung., Jug., Mex., Nor., Pol., Span., and Swiss (all from T. vulgaris only); and Jap. (From T. vulgaris and other species of Thymus). Also in U.S.N.F. (from T. vulgaris and other species of Thymus). |
| Note. In the B.P.C. 1949, Oil of Origanum was given as a synonym for Thyme Oil, but true oil of origanum is derived from Origanum hirtum and O. majorana (==O. majoranoides); it may contain up to 85 % of carvacrol. |
| Uses. Thyme oil has antiseptic, antispasmodic, and carminative properties and has been used in whoopin-cough and bronchitis. Externally it has been employed in conjuction with olive and other oils as a rubefacient and counter-irritant. |
| Wild Thyme. Herba Serphylli; Mother of Thyme; Serpolet; Feldthymian; Quendel. |
| Foreign Pharmacopeias: In Cz., Fr., Ger., Hung., Pol., and Swiss. |
| Belg. Includes Aetheroleum Sephylli, a colourless or yellowish oil distilled from T. serpyllum. |
| The dried leaves and flowering tops of Thymus serpyllum (Labiatae), containing up to 0-6 % of volatile oil. |
| Uses. It has similar properties to thyme. |
| Zedoary. Zedoaire; Zitwer. |
| Foreign Pharmacopeias: In Fr., Ger., Jap., Jug., and Swiss. |
| The rhizone of Curcuma zedoaria (Zingiberaceae), resembling ginger in odour and taste. |
| Uses. It has been used as an aromatic stimulant and carminative in doses of 0-6 to 2 g. (10 to 30 grains). |
| 637 |
| 636 |
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| 635 |
| Reproduced from Martindale's Extra Pharmacopeia 24th Edition |
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